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淺議股份制施工企業(yè)上市前的財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)備
摘要：隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的逐步建立和完善，國(guó)有企業(yè)的改造力度也逐漸加大，大多數(shù)企業(yè)通過(guò)公司化改造以及治理體制的完善與加強(qiáng)等，走上了良性發(fā)展的道路，部分業(yè)績(jī)較好的企業(yè)融進(jìn)股市，置于經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿的作用之下。國(guó)有施工企業(yè)是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要組成部分，從目前的整體狀況來(lái)看，隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的不斷壯大，其發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)景是樂(lè)觀的。當(dāng)然，加進(jìn)世貿(mào)組織以后，國(guó)有施工企業(yè)也面臨著嚴(yán)重的挑戰(zhàn)。為了應(yīng)對(duì)新的挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇，使更多的投資者關(guān)注這一領(lǐng)域，支持國(guó)有施工企業(yè)進(jìn)行股份制改造并在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下上市就成為一條便捷而行之有效的道路。筆者根據(jù)其所在施工企業(yè)申請(qǐng)上市過(guò)程中的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，談?wù)劰煞葜剖┕て髽I(yè)上市前的財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)備工作。關(guān)鍵詞：股份制施工；企業(yè)上市；財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)備
Abstract: And consummates along with our country socialist market economic system's gradual establishment, State-owned business's transformation dynamics also gradually enlarges, the majority enterprises with strengthen and so on through the corporation transformation as well as management system's consummation, has stepped onto the benign development path, the partial achievement good enterprise integrates the stock market, puts under economic levers' function. The state-owned construction enterprise is our country economic structure important component, looking from the present overall condition, along with our country economic potentiality unceasing strength, its prospects for development is optimistic. Certainly, after joining World Trade Organization, the state-owned construction enterprise is also facing the stern challenge. In order to deal with the new challenge and the opportunity, causes more investors to pay attention to this domain, supports the state-owned construction enterprise to make the joint stock system transformation and goes on the market in the suitable situation becomes one convenient and the effective path. The author acts according to its, in the construction enterprise applies for in the going on the market process the practical experience, before chatting the joint stock system construction listing the finance preparatory work. key word: Joint stock system construction; Listing; Financial preparation 一、社會(huì)審計(jì)
股份制施工企業(yè)在上市前必須接受社會(huì)審計(jì)，審計(jì)前的預(yù)備工作主要有以下幾方面：
（一）審計(jì)前的資料收集
我們知道，股份有限公司上市需要符合一系列條件，財(cái)務(wù)方面的要求主要有：公司股本總額不少于人民幣５ ０００萬(wàn)元；開(kāi)業(yè)時(shí)間３年以上，最近３年連續(xù)盈利，原國(guó)有企業(yè)依法改建而設(shè)立的，或者在《公司法》實(shí)施后新組建成立、其主要發(fā)起人為國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)的，可連續(xù)計(jì)算；公司在最近３年內(nèi)無(wú)重大違法行為，財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告無(wú)虛假記載等。因此股份有限公司必須提供充足的材料來(lái)證實(shí)，并通過(guò)有審計(jì)上市公司資格的會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所審查核實(shí)，出具相關(guān)的審驗(yàn)報(bào)告才有資格上報(bào)財(cái)政部申請(qǐng)上市。因此，資料的預(yù)備十分重要。
國(guó)有施工企業(yè)因其生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的特殊性，下屬的會(huì)計(jì)獨(dú)立核算單位比較多，職員活動(dòng)性強(qiáng)，要預(yù)備三年的資料工作量十分巨大，這就需要提早做好預(yù)備，以避免出現(xiàn)接受社會(huì)審計(jì)過(guò)程中資料預(yù)備不全的被動(dòng)局面，影響企業(yè)的上市進(jìn)程。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，國(guó)有施工企業(yè)需要預(yù)備的資料有近三年的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、利潤(rùn)表、科目余額表、會(huì)計(jì)憑證、會(huì)計(jì)賬簿、固定資產(chǎn)臺(tái)賬、固定資產(chǎn)增減變動(dòng)情況及其相關(guān)說(shuō)明、債權(quán)債務(wù)明細(xì)資料（包括發(fā)生時(shí)間、賬齡、金額、對(duì)方單位、款項(xiàng)內(nèi)容或產(chǎn)生原因、債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度等）、審計(jì)報(bào)告期的銀行存款對(duì)賬單及余額調(diào)節(jié)表等。也可以這樣說(shuō)，只要是審計(jì)報(bào)告期內(nèi)公司賬面上反映的數(shù)據(jù)，都要提供相關(guān)的資料，而且要真實(shí)、詳盡。（二）詢證函的收發(fā)
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