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《老人與海》的生態(tài)批評(píng)
畢業(yè)論文
Ecocriticism in The Old Man and the Sea
Abstract
Hemingway is a famous American writer in the twentieth century. Among his works, The Old Man and the Sea is the most famous one, which made him win the Noble Prize for Literature in 1954. Ecocriticism was introduced into the studies of Hemingway and The Old Man and the Sea around the 1990s, providing a new perspective for reading this book.
This research is to make an ecocritical reading of The Old Man and the Sea, and discuss about the relationship between the old man, Santiago, the nature and other livings in the ocean, exploring the contradiction between ecological awareness and actual behavior of the hero. Santiago has a wise nature-centric ecological awareness, but he behaves in a fearless way to conquer nature, which brings an internecine consequence to both nature and him. Through these descriptions, the author reveals the terrible consequences of trying to conquer nature, urging people to return to nature, and live with nature harmoniously.
Key Words: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; Santiago; Ecocriticism; ecological awareness; nature
摘 要
海明威是210世紀(jì)美國(guó)著名作家。作為其最著名的作品之1，《老人與�！纷鳛榇碜�，于1954年使其獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。210世紀(jì)910年代，生態(tài)批評(píng)被西方和中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界引入海明威及其著作研究，為解讀海明威及《老人與海》提供了新的視角。
本文從生態(tài)批評(píng)的角度，對(duì)《老人與�！愤M(jìn)行細(xì)讀，以探索作品主人公，圣地亞哥與自然及其它生物之間的關(guān)系，探索其生態(tài)意識(shí)與實(shí)際行為之間的矛盾。圣地亞哥具有開(kāi)明的自然中心主義的生態(tài)意識(shí)，但行動(dòng)上卻無(wú)所畏懼地征服自然，顯示出無(wú)比的勇氣和決心，其結(jié)果是造成了自然和自身的兩敗俱傷。通過(guò)分析他的實(shí)際行為及后果，研究其觀念和行為的不1致性，從而揭示征服自然的可怕后果，呼吁人類(lèi)回歸自然，與自然和諧共處。
關(guān)鍵詞：海明威、老人與海、圣地亞哥、生態(tài)批評(píng)、生態(tài)意識(shí)、自然
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