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論服務(wù)企業(yè)關(guān)系質(zhì)量管理策略
摘要:隨著營(yíng)銷(xiāo)范式向關(guān)系營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的轉(zhuǎn)變,傳統(tǒng)服務(wù)質(zhì)量管理理論的局限性已日益顯現(xiàn)。作為服務(wù)提供者,不僅要考慮為顧客提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量水平,而且更要注重企業(yè)與顧客的關(guān)系質(zhì)量水平。關(guān)系質(zhì)量管理,以更微觀的視角動(dòng)態(tài)化地分析了顧客感知關(guān)系質(zhì)量的形成過(guò)程,對(duì)感知服務(wù)質(zhì)量與關(guān)系的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了深入闡釋?zhuān)卣沽朔⻊?wù)質(zhì)量管理的范疇,提高了服務(wù)質(zhì)量管理的有效性與效率。服務(wù)企業(yè)的關(guān)系質(zhì)量管理策略主要表現(xiàn)為重視關(guān)系投資、構(gòu)建關(guān)系機(jī)制、運(yùn)用關(guān)系技術(shù)以及強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系績(jī)效。 關(guān)鍵詞:關(guān)系質(zhì)量 服務(wù)質(zhì)量 管理Abstract: With marketing to relationship marketing paradigm change in the traditional service quality management theory of limitations has increasingly shown. As service providers, not only to consider to provide customers with the quality of service standards, and pay greater attention to the relationship between businesses and customers the level of quality. Quality management relations, a more microscopic perspective dynamic analysis of the customer perception of the quality of relations between the formation process, service quality and perception of the relationship between the intrinsic link has conducted in-depth explanation, expanding the scope of service quality management, improve service quality management Effectiveness and efficiency. The relationship between the quality of enterprise services management strategy attaches importance to relations mainly for investment, building mechanism, the use of technology and stressed that relations between performance. Key words: Concern mass , service quality , management
一、關(guān)系質(zhì)量概述
文獻(xiàn)回顧表明,迄今為止,關(guān)系質(zhì)量概念還未取得一致認(rèn)識(shí),不同學(xué)者從不同視角和構(gòu)成維度對(duì)關(guān)系質(zhì)量概念進(jìn)行闡釋。Gummesson(1987)認(rèn)為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是在強(qiáng)調(diào)“對(duì)顧客關(guān)系的技巧化處理是顧客感知質(zhì)量的一部分”的過(guò)程中所形成的一個(gè)概念[1];Dayer and Oh(1987)認(rèn)為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是對(duì)交易伙伴滿(mǎn)意、信任和最小化機(jī)會(huì)主義的體現(xiàn),滿(mǎn)意、信任、最小化機(jī)會(huì)主義是關(guān)系質(zhì)量的三個(gè)主要構(gòu)件;Crosby, Evans and Cowles(1990)認(rèn)為高關(guān)系質(zhì)量意味著顧客能夠依賴(lài)銷(xiāo)售人員的誠(chéng)實(shí)(integrity),并且對(duì)銷(xiāo)售人員未來(lái)的表現(xiàn)充滿(mǎn)信心(confidence),顧客滿(mǎn)意和對(duì)銷(xiāo)售人員信任是關(guān)系質(zhì)量的主要構(gòu)件[2];Hennig-Thurau and Klee(1996,1997)認(rèn)為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是為滿(mǎn)足顧客需要的關(guān)系的適宜程度,它由服務(wù)(或產(chǎn)品)質(zhì)量感知、信任和承諾三個(gè)維度構(gòu)成;Dorsch, Swanson and Kelley(1998)在總結(jié)前人概念分析的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是由信任、滿(mǎn)意、承諾、最小化機(jī)會(huì)主義、顧客導(dǎo)向和道德形象等組成的一個(gè)較高級(jí)構(gòu)件(higher-order)。雖然不同學(xué)者對(duì)概念的理解存在差異,但對(duì)于關(guān)系質(zhì)量的構(gòu)成維度,顧客滿(mǎn)意、信任、承諾三個(gè)維度已經(jīng)得到廣泛認(rèn)可,并且已經(jīng)得到實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)(Hennig-Thurau, Klee and Langer,1999)。
Liljander-Strandvik(1995)運(yùn)用差距分析方法,對(duì)顧客同企業(yè)關(guān)系進(jìn)行了深入考察,提出了Liljander-Strandvik關(guān)系質(zhì)量模型[3]。Liljander-Strandvik首先將感知質(zhì)量區(qū)分為情節(jié)層次和關(guān)系層次,通過(guò)情節(jié)績(jī)效與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的比較,形成情節(jié)質(zhì)量,而關(guān)系績(jī)效與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的比較,形成關(guān)系質(zhì)量。Liljander-Strandvik關(guān)系質(zhì)量模型從多個(gè)角度探討了感知服務(wù)質(zhì)量及其關(guān)系的形成過(guò)程,描述了顧客在不同階段的服務(wù)體驗(yàn),闡釋了顧客如何感知與服務(wù)提供者的關(guān)系,對(duì)關(guān)系質(zhì)量的形成機(jī)制進(jìn)行了較為科學(xué)的說(shuō)明。Henig-Thurau
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