淺析大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)議論文寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題及對(duì)策
論文關(guān)鍵詞: 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生 議論文寫(xiě)作 問(wèn)題 對(duì)策
論文摘要: 對(duì)于英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生而言,聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯是最基本的五項(xiàng)技能。寫(xiě)作相對(duì)于其他技能來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要也是最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié),它是學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)水平的綜合體現(xiàn),體現(xiàn)了學(xué)習(xí)者思維和語(yǔ)言的綜合能力。寫(xiě)作題材包括了記敘與描述(Narration & Description),說(shuō)明文(Exposition),議論文與說(shuō)服(Argumentation & Persuasion)。作者將就英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生在以Campus Love為主題的一篇議論文寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討,并分析其對(duì)策。
對(duì)于英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生而言,聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯是最基本的五項(xiàng)技能。寫(xiě)作相對(duì)于其他技能來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要也是最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié),它是學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)水平的綜合體現(xiàn),體現(xiàn)了學(xué)習(xí)者思維和語(yǔ)言的綜合能力。寫(xiě)作題材包括了記敘與描述(Narration & Description),說(shuō)明文(Exposition),議論文與說(shuō)服(Argumentation & Persuasion)。接下來(lái),筆者將就英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生在以Campus Love為主題的一篇議論文寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討,并分析其對(duì)策。
一、學(xué)生在議論文中出現(xiàn)的主要問(wèn)題
(一)觀點(diǎn)不突出。
在這次寫(xiě)作中,學(xué)生需要以Campus Love為主題寫(xiě)一篇議論文表明自己是支持還是反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn),有的學(xué)生是皆可:On one hand,its existence has its own rationality; on the other hand,this kind of attachment is also risky.這其中的原因應(yīng)該是對(duì)議論文的寫(xiě)作不熟悉,老師必須強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生要有鮮明的論點(diǎn),才能在后面的論證中更有說(shuō)服力。
。ǘ┚渥尤唛L(zhǎng)。
同樣在這篇議論文中,有的同學(xué)沒(méi)有遵循簡(jiǎn)潔明了的原則,出現(xiàn)了許多冗長(zhǎng)累贅的句子,例如:
1.With the development of science and technology,more and more people have a tendency to make acquaintance with strangers through the internet and even fall in love with those cyber lovers.
2.Is it wise to fall in love with someone you have never met in person·
3.Cyber lover’s style is not the king you like desperately,but the tragedy is that you can’t find this only through communication on the Internet.
4.It has been a common practice for college ss to find their boyfriend or girlfriend on campus.
5.Fall love with in college have become a common phenomenon for college ss.
6.They just take advantage of it to kill time.
7.Besides,campus love can bring about many psychological problems for campus students.As is known,frustration met with in campus love has been a leading cause of the increasing tragic events,such as suicides,murders,violent actions.
8.For ss who concentrate on campus love,would affect their academic study more or less.
9.So only through long association can we have a deep understanding of a person.
10.They will spend time on having meals together,going out together and even studying together in order to develop their relationship.
11.We have seen many soap operas or read many love stories,in which the heroes and heroines fall in love with each other the instance they meet each other.
(三)主謂語(yǔ)不一致。
1.Many bad guys,they take advantage of the internet to occupy someone’s love.It is not to protect someone they have never met in person,but to get money or others things from the “cyber love”,and even destroy her/his life.
2.When met with holiday,they even need to prepare valuable gifts to express their love.Shopping,dining out or entertainment,any of them all need money.
3.And every time I talked to him,it made a horrible day turn into a fantastic
4.Think about their parent’s response when the news comes to them.
。ㄋ模┍磉_(dá)不地道,中式英語(yǔ)過(guò)多。
1.Second,we can’t know their real characteristics.
2.Man will express his true appearance:show one’s colors
3.I think each love story is from a fall in love at first sight began.
4.I’d always been a hopeless romantic and when I saw him perfection
5.The one time I fell in love at first sight was when I saw my first boyfriend for the first time in my English class on the first day of seventh grade
6.As a college student,study always ranks the first in our live,and in reality,as well as the love in college.
7.as I see to it
8.turn to another person’s hug
9.Only if we fall in love in campus,our lives will be entire.
10.They bright us up but for no asking:but asking nothing in turn
11.Everyone has his ideal person whom live together.Maybe he not handsome or beautiful,but he can understand our heart.
12.We fall in love at first sight,it’s possible that our wrong feeling.
。ㄎ澹┐钆洳划(dāng)。
1.Make crime:commit crimes/commit a crime
2.Have some keep company:to have someone for company
3.Campus student
4.Love-deep understanding
5.Conform to one’s expectation:satisfy one’s expectation
6.At this case:in this case
7.Keep it last:keep it long/last long
8.Let you heartbeat:let your heart beat fast
。┡e例不恰當(dāng)。
司馬相如和卓文君的愛(ài)情故事不能證明一見(jiàn)鐘情不可靠。
二、有效的對(duì)策
。ㄒ唬├蠋煈(yīng)該加強(qiáng)詞匯教學(xué),注重學(xué)生的詞匯積累。
詞匯就像是砌房子的磚,是說(shuō)話寫(xiě)作的基本材料,學(xué)生可以對(duì)所學(xué)的詞匯進(jìn)行歸類,比如把語(yǔ)篇中的同(近)義詞、反義詞、上下義詞歸類。應(yīng)注意提醒學(xué)生,對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯的掌握不僅僅指詞義本身,還指掌握其語(yǔ)用知識(shí),從而避免寫(xiě)作中詞不達(dá)意和因詞匯量的不足而避重就輕,選取簡(jiǎn)單的思想和修辭的問(wèn)題。
。ǘ⿺U(kuò)大閱讀量。
大量閱讀是語(yǔ)言輸入的重要途徑,沒(méi)有足夠的輸入是不可能有大量的輸出的?梢哉f(shuō)閱讀是吸收,是積累,寫(xiě)作是在此基礎(chǔ)之上的表達(dá)。假如沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言輸入,語(yǔ)言的輸出就會(huì)成為無(wú)源之水,無(wú)本之木。首先,大量閱讀可以提高閱讀速度,擴(kuò)大詞匯量。其次,可以讓學(xué)生廣泛涉獵各種類型的語(yǔ)言素材,加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感,抵御母語(yǔ)干擾,在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中信手拈來(lái),對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作起到潛移默化的作用,進(jìn)而減少中式英語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)。英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)屬于兩種不同的語(yǔ)系,在思維方式、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)方面存在著大量不同。在實(shí)際寫(xiě)作中,相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生雖然頭腦中有思路卻苦于無(wú)法用英語(yǔ)完全表達(dá)出來(lái),即使勉強(qiáng)寫(xiě)出來(lái),也是詞不達(dá)意,而且他們習(xí)慣用漢語(yǔ)思維,借助中文的表達(dá)法,通過(guò)中介語(yǔ)把意思表達(dá)出來(lái),這就產(chǎn)生了漢語(yǔ)式的句子。這種情況下母語(yǔ)負(fù)遷移的產(chǎn)生主要原因在于目的語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言輸入不足,如果能保證大量的語(yǔ)言輸入,在“讀”的過(guò)程中吸取精華,養(yǎng)成好的語(yǔ)感,并貫徹到寫(xiě)作的實(shí)踐中,就有利于學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性,使學(xué)生掌握英語(yǔ)特有的思維模式,學(xué)會(huì)連貫、統(tǒng)一地組織結(jié)構(gòu),準(zhǔn)確、流暢地傳遞信息。
。ㄈ⿲(duì)中西方文化和思維進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
學(xué)英語(yǔ),既要在語(yǔ)言之內(nèi)學(xué),又要在語(yǔ)言之外學(xué)。當(dāng)涉及在母語(yǔ)和二語(yǔ)之間進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析時(shí),除了對(duì)漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法和詞匯的對(duì)比之外,還應(yīng)對(duì)漢英兩種語(yǔ)言所體現(xiàn)的思維方式和文化進(jìn)行對(duì)比。學(xué)生只有了解英漢語(yǔ)篇思維模式的差異,才能在寫(xiě)作中的語(yǔ)篇層面自覺(jué)地遵循英語(yǔ)的思維特點(diǎn)整理思路,達(dá)到英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中詞匯、句型、語(yǔ)篇的完美組合。
。ㄋ模└淖兘虒W(xué)以教師為中心的模式,讓學(xué)生成為寫(xiě)作的主體。
在加強(qiáng)課外閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上,加強(qiáng)寫(xiě)作的訓(xùn)練,多花時(shí)間,多下工夫。另外,建議寫(xiě)作課以小班的形式開(kāi)展,有利于教學(xué)效果的增強(qiáng)。
通過(guò)以上研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作狀況不容樂(lè)觀,學(xué)生在搭配、詞匯、句法、銜接手段,謀篇布局等多方面存在問(wèn)題,這需要引起我們的關(guān)注。希望學(xué)生在加強(qiáng)詞匯的積累,閱讀不同類型的素材,增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感的基礎(chǔ)上,在教師的指導(dǎo)下寫(xiě)作水平能有所提高。
參考文獻(xiàn):
。1]郭曉英.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)塊與大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作[J].蘭州交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2008(2).
。2]王維平.英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中的錯(cuò)誤實(shí)證研究[J].中國(guó)成人教育,2007,3.
。3]吳錦,張?jiān)谛?英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)新探討——論寫(xiě)前階段的可行性[J].外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,2005(5).
。4]袁永芳.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作癥結(jié)何在[J].大學(xué)英語(yǔ),2000(12).
。5]周鳳鳴.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作教學(xué)初探[J].英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),2000(10).
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