英語論文的閱讀理解
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(劇增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.
Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife"s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising afamily"s standard of , a working wife may strengthen her family"s financial and emotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.
Also, a major part of women"s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
文章解析：本文是一篇對比文，討論了女性的外出工作對的兩種相反的影響。首段前兩句表明專觀點：工作女性的劇增可能預(yù)示著婚姻，后半段又提出轉(zhuǎn)折，工作女性的劇增可能鼓勵婚姻。第二段兩種相反觀點繼續(xù)討論女性的外出工作對婚姻影響。第三段支持兩種相反觀點的兩種相反的心理因素。最后一段，隨著工作女性的經(jīng)濟能力的提高，在家庭的地位上升可能導(dǎo)致兩種相反結(jié)果。近年考試對比型的文章出現(xiàn)頻繁，包括兩種觀點的議論文和兩種事物的說明文，特點是平行論述，沒有主次之分，作者不發(fā)表態(tài)度和結(jié)論，一般兩種觀點的開頭可當(dāng)作文章主旨。26. The word“portend”(Line 2, Para.1) is closest in meaning to“_____”.A) defy B) signal C) suffer from D) result from
詞義題從文章第一句話大部分考生都不難理解portend是預(yù)示的意思。但是要知道正確選項B)signal也有顯示的意思，需要背到字典上signal動詞形式的第三個意思。要求考生不能局限于一詞一義，而要熟練掌握大綱詞匯的每一個解釋。A) defy不服從,反抗C) suffer from忍受,遭受D) result from由……產(chǎn)生。27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,_____.
A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B) more women would get married to seek financial security
C) even working women would worry about their marriages
D) more people would prefer to remain single for the being
細節(jié)題題干的.the economy slides等于原文的economic downturns。定位在Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead.數(shù)據(jù)顯示經(jīng)濟低迷時期人們傾向推遲婚姻，因為雙方不能承擔(dān)一個家庭或者擔(dān)心更窘迫的日子。只有D)符合原文意思。A B C都是“無中生有”和“答非所問”。28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,_____.
A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B) their husbands are expected to do more housework
C) their marriage ties can be strengthened
D) they tend to put their career before marriage
細節(jié)題找到原文On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.輕松選出答案C)。正確答案就把形容詞stronger轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞strengthen。毫無難度。29. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that_____.
A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D) they tend to suspect their husbands?loyalty to their marriage
細節(jié)題文章順序和題目順序有顛倒。定位在28題之前a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce.考查內(nèi)在邏輯的因果關(guān)系。一個被阻止外出可能會被關(guān)在房子里。所以她可能認為惟一的選擇就是離婚。She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce.等于題干的women with no career may seek a divorce. A wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house.相當(dāng)于A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom.她們感到被剝奪了。30. Which of the following statements can best suarize the authors view in the passage?
A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.
B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.
C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent
D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.
主旨題因為這種平行的對比型文章作者不發(fā)表態(tài)度和結(jié)論，所以不可能有作者態(tài)度題只能理解為文章主旨題。A)婚姻的穩(wěn)定性和離婚率會影響國家經(jīng)濟。文章只提及國家經(jīng)濟會影響婚姻。顛倒黑白，排除。B)即使經(jīng)濟獨立，大多數(shù)女性不得不為婚姻中真正的平等而。文章從未提及，無中生有。C)為了保衛(wèi)婚姻，女性應(yīng)當(dāng)外出工作保持獨立。以偏蓋全。只有D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.女性的外出工作對婚姻的影響是一例與一例不一樣的。只有D)才準(zhǔn)確表達出文章的兩種平行的相反觀點。
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