新版職稱英語選讀的文章精選
Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?運(yùn)動有奇效嗎?
1.Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. A succession of scientific studies of animals suggests that physical activity has a positive effect on mental ftinctioning.
翻譯：正如運(yùn)動能強(qiáng)心、健肺、固骨、壯肌，運(yùn)動也能健腦。對動物的一系 列科學(xué)研宄表明，體育活動對智力的發(fā)揮有積極作用。
2.“It，s clear that the brain benefits from exercise，" says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity: vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel, and skill-based exercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists，may make the brain better able to process information.
翻譯：伊利諾伊大學(xué)香檳分校的腦科學(xué)家威廉格里諾說，“很明顯，運(yùn)動使 大腦受益。”他對老鼠的研究已經(jīng)表明運(yùn)動具有兩大功效：運(yùn)動量大的體育運(yùn) 動給大腦提供更多的動力，而技巧性的運(yùn)動則增強(qiáng)大腦神經(jīng)的聯(lián)結(jié)。依照某 些科學(xué)家的見解，這種聯(lián)結(jié)能使大腦更好地處理信息。
3.In one experiment, laboratory rats were separated into three groups. One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel, a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course，and a third group was inactive.
翻譯：在一個賣驗(yàn)中，實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠被分成三組：第一組在自動輪中跑動，第二組 通過一種復(fù)雜的越障訓(xùn)練來提高技能，第三組則不做任何運(yùn)動。
4.“The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups，Greenough said，“In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.”
翻譯：“與跑動的和不運(yùn)動的老鼠相比，經(jīng)過越障訓(xùn)練的老鼠腦神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)數(shù) 更多�！备窭镏Z說，“相比之下，在自動輪中跑動的老鼠，較之其他兩組的老 鼠，其大腦的血管密度更大�！�
5.Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can，he says. And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well, the benefits multiply. Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another of Greenough5s experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young. And while animals aren’t people, he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
翻譯：他說，學(xué)習(xí)一種新的舞步和學(xué)習(xí)一種語言一樣，都能促進(jìn)大腦發(fā)展。如 果這種舞蹈還是一種良好的體育運(yùn)動，則益處加倍。據(jù)格里諾的另一組實(shí)驗(yàn) 顯示，年輕的.大腦尤其能夠通過運(yùn)動來增強(qiáng)能力。這組實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，從小就鍛 煉的老鼠，其大腦的變化最為顯著。他說盡管動物不是人，但依此推斷在老 鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的功效同樣適用于人也合乎邏輯。
6.Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information. Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrate that inactive adults，aged 63 to 82, could hit buttons fester in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course. A corresponding control group that didn’t exercise showed no improvement.
翻譯：對人類的研宄主要集中在老年人身上，其結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)常鍛煉能提高 大腦處理信息的速度。伊利諾伊大學(xué)阿瑟克雷默測量的結(jié)果證明，63至82 歲的不運(yùn)動的成年人，在完成為期十周的水上運(yùn)動課程之后，聽音擊鍵的反 應(yīng)加快了。而另一組相應(yīng)的、未經(jīng)鍛煉的受控人群則不見任何提高。
7.This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be 汪 penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in ackiition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet.
翻譯：接受運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練之后，人的反應(yīng)速度會加快，這可能是因?yàn)榕c衰老有關(guān) 的機(jī)能衰退實(shí)際上根源于體質(zhì)下降。一些科學(xué)家推測，除了藥物作用和飲食 不當(dāng)?shù)认嚓P(guān)因素外，常常被歸咎于衰老而導(dǎo)致的大腦功能下降實(shí)際可能是對 不注意保持體育運(yùn)動的一種懲罰。
8.“In older people, an exercise program appears important for brain maintenance，” says Daniel M. Landers, professor of exercise science at Arizona State University, who recently published an article reviewing the scientific literature on activity’s effect on the brain.
翻譯：亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的運(yùn)動學(xué)教授丹尼爾 蘭德斯說，“對老年人來 說，鍛煉計劃對維持大腦功能顯得非常重要�！彼罱l(fā)表了一篇文章，回顧 并評述了有關(guān)運(yùn)動對大腦的影響的科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)。
9.Numerous studies show that children who engage in regular physical activity do better in school than their inactive classmates. But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood and the ability to concentrate that comes from burning off steam in exercise. Now, however, some scientists have revised their way of thinking, and point to possible physical connections.
翻譯：許多研究表明，經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的孩子，在學(xué)業(yè)上比他們那些不活 動的同學(xué)優(yōu)秀。但直到最近，人們還認(rèn)為因參加體育運(yùn)動而獲得的學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)勢 來自于增強(qiáng)的自信、更好的心態(tài)，以及由運(yùn)動時消耗體力所帶來的集中注意 力的能力。而現(xiàn)在，一些科學(xué)家修正了他們的看法，表示這可能與體育運(yùn)動 促進(jìn)神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)有關(guān)。
10.Pierce J. Howard, another expert, says new research indicates that physical exercise increases the amount of certain brain chemicals that stimulate growth of nerve cells. Consequently, the brains of people who exercise may be better equ^ped to tackle mental challenges.
翻譯：另一名專家皮爾斯J*霍華德說，新的研宄表明，體育鍛煉提高了 大腦中某些激發(fā)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞生長的腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量。因此，那些進(jìn)行鍛煉的 人的大腦可能更有能力應(yīng)付各種智力挑戰(zhàn)。
11.Inactivity may also have negative effects on mind and body alike. “Scientists recognize that mind is body，and body is mind，comments Howard. The most beneficial forms of exercise, he says, engage both.
翻譯：不活動對大腦和身體都可能有負(fù)面影響。“科學(xué)家們都認(rèn)識到，心即 是身，身即是心，”霍華德評價道。他說，最有益的運(yùn)動是身心兼顧.面都領(lǐng)先于芝加哥分校。同時兩個校區(qū)各自科研實(shí)力也均在全美TOP50之列，均為美國一級國家級大學(xué)。
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