感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)「英文版」
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感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)英文
The Pilgrims who sailed tothis country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the EnglishSeparatist Church (a Puritan sect)。 They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religiouspersecution. There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventuallybecame disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking abetter life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to financea pilgrimage to America. Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflowerwere non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Onlyabout one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.
乘 “五月花”來(lái)到這個(gè)國(guó)度的旅行者(朝圣者)原本是英國(guó)分離者地下教會(huì)清教徒，他們的家在英國(guó)，因不堪忍受國(guó)內(nèi)的宗教迫害，他們逃亡到荷蘭。在荷蘭，他們享受了更多的宗教信仰自由，但最終卻意識(shí)到在荷蘭的這種生活方式是對(duì)他們的主的褻瀆。為了尋求更好的生活，他們與倫敦貿(mào)易公司協(xié)商，由該公司資助他們到美國(guó)。在這趟旅途中，船上只有大約1/3的乘客是清教徒，其他大多數(shù)人并非分離派清教徒，而是公司雇傭來(lái)保護(hù)其利益的人員(契約奴)。
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock onDecember 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the beginning of the following fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on theMayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the remainingcolonists decided to celebrate with a feast ——including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. Itis believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year withoutthe help of the natives. The feast was more of a traditional English harvestfestival than a true “thanksgiving” observance. It lasted three days.
1620年 12月11日，旅行者們?cè)?ldquo;普利茅斯石”登陸。他們的第一個(gè)冬季是災(zāi)難性的，第二年秋天來(lái)臨時(shí)，原來(lái)的102名乘客只剩下56人。但1621年他們獲得了大豐收，這些幸存的殖民者們決定和幫助他們度過(guò)困難的91名印第安人一起饗宴慶祝。他們相信，若沒(méi)有當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦膸椭�，他們是不可能度過(guò)這一年的。這次節(jié)日的盛宴不僅僅是一個(gè)“感恩”儀式，它更像英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的豐收慶典。慶典持續(xù)了三天。
Governor William Bradford sent “four men fowling” after wild ducks andgeese. It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, itis certain that they had venison. The term “turkey” was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.
總督布雷德福派了“四人捕鳥(niǎo)隊(duì)”去捕捉野鴨和野鵝。我們現(xiàn)在并不能確定是否有野生火雞在當(dāng)時(shí)的'筵席上，但筵席上肯定有鹿肉。當(dāng)時(shí)，朝圣者用“火雞”一詞來(lái)代表各種野禽。
Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgivingtable is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included thattreat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread orpastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced atype of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider,potatoes, or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and thenewly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous.But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit,clams, venison, and plums.
現(xiàn)在，幾乎每家感恩節(jié)餐桌上都有南瓜餡餅――感恩節(jié)的另一種主食。但在當(dāng)年的第一次慶典上卻不可能有這種食品。因?yàn)槊娣燮嫒�，所以面包、餡餅、糕點(diǎn)等食物都沒(méi)有。但他們卻吃了煮南瓜，并用收獲的玉米制成了一種油炸面包。也沒(méi)有牛奶、蘋(píng)果酒、土豆和黃油。沒(méi)有馴養(yǎng)的奶牛，自然沒(méi)有牛奶;而新發(fā)現(xiàn)的土豆被很多歐洲人認(rèn)為是有毒的。第一次慶典上有魚(yú)、草莓、豆瓣菜、龍蝦、干果、蛤、鹿肉、李子等。
This “thanksgiving” feast was not repeated the following year. But in 1623, during asevere drought, the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for rain.When a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor Bradfordproclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again inviting their Indian friends. Itwasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.
緊接著的第二年(1622)卻沒(méi)有舉行“感恩”慶典。到了1623年，發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，朝圣者們聚集到一起，舉行了虔誠(chéng)的祁雨儀式，剛好在第二天，一場(chǎng)充沛的大雨從天而降。威廉布雷德�？偠叫荚俅螒c祝感恩節(jié)，并再次邀請(qǐng)了他們的印第安朋友。之后數(shù)年無(wú)感恩節(jié)，直到1676年6月，感恩節(jié)才再次被提出。
On June 20, 1676, the governing council of Charlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to determine how best to express thanks for the good fortune that had seen their community securely established.By unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk, to proclaim June 29as a day of thanksgiving. It is notable that this thanksgiving celebrationprobably did not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant partly to bein recognition of the colonists' recent victory over the “heathen natives,”
1676年6月20日，馬薩諸塞州的查爾斯頓理事會(huì)召開(kāi)會(huì)議，以確定如何最好地表達(dá)他們的感謝——好運(yùn)使得他們的共和國(guó)牢固建立。通過(guò)一致表決他們指示愛(ài)德華羅森總統(tǒng)，宣布六月二十九日的一天感恩。值得注意的是，今年的感恩節(jié)慶�；顒�(dòng)可能不包括印度人，作為慶�；顒�(dòng)在一定程度上成為了殖民者戰(zhàn)勝“野蠻的土著人的認(rèn)可，”
感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗英文
thanksgiving day is the most truly american of the national holidays in the united states and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.
感恩節(jié)是美國(guó)法定假日中最地道、最美國(guó)式的節(jié)日，它和早期美國(guó)歷史最為密切相關(guān)。
family reunion and feasting??family feast is an important tradition during thanksgiving. the entire family sits at the table during dinner and offer prayer to the lord almighty for his continuous grace. it is also a time for relatives living in different places to come together and celebrate.
家庭盛宴是感恩節(jié)期間的一個(gè)重要習(xí)俗。全家人圍坐在飯桌邊一起祈禱，愿上帝施與永不停息的恩惠。這也讓身處異地的親友歡聚一堂，同慶美好時(shí)光。
tradition of turkey??the traditional stuffed turkey adorns every dinner table during the feast. pumpkin pie, cranberry sauce, corns are some of the dishes cooked everywhere to mark the day. though historians don’t have an evidence to prove that turkey was eaten during the first thanksgiving dinner, the thanksgiving celebration will be incomplete without it.
傳統(tǒng)的填制火雞讓每個(gè)餐桌生色不少，南瓜派、酸果沙司、玉米更是那天必不可少的菜肴。雖然歷史學(xué)家沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明在第一個(gè)感恩節(jié)時(shí)人們就吃火雞，但沒(méi)有火雞的感恩節(jié)是不完美的。
parades??the traditional thanksgiving parade probably started with president lincoln proclaiming it an official day. the full- dress parade is a way to display the country’s military strength and discipline. the main aim of such parades is to lift the spirits of the spectators, provide them with wholesome entertainment. in the present day, parades are accompanied with musical shows and celebrities.
感恩節(jié)那天進(jìn)行的巡游儀式大概始于林肯總統(tǒng)時(shí)期，而且這天被宣布為法定節(jié)日。隆重的巡游儀式是顯示國(guó)家軍事力量和嚴(yán)明紀(jì)律的一個(gè)方式，但這樣的巡游主要目的是振奮國(guó)人，為大眾提供一個(gè)積極健康的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)�，F(xiàn)代的巡游活動(dòng)還加入音樂(lè)節(jié)目，眾多名人也參與其中。
football games??watching nfl football during thanksgiving is a popular tradition. the traditional game between the detroit lions and the green bay packers continues. one of the most memorable games having been played on this day.
感恩節(jié)觀看美國(guó)國(guó)家足球聯(lián)盟的橄欖球比賽也是一個(gè)習(xí)俗。底特律雄獅和綠灣包裝工隊(duì)之間的傳統(tǒng)比賽至今仍然保留著。其中最值得紀(jì)念的比賽之一就在感恩節(jié)這天舉行。
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