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英漢翻譯技巧精選
想要在考試中獲得高分，掌握技巧很重要，它不僅能提高我們的做題速度，也能提高我們的學(xué)習(xí)能力。下面小編為大家?guī)碛h翻譯技巧，謝謝您的閱讀，祝您閱讀愉快。
一、重復(fù)法
(一)名詞的重復(fù)
A. 名詞作賓語時的重復(fù)
1. I must do my best to develop the students’ ability to analyze and solve problems.
2. We should inspect and oil the machines before work.
3. Can you tell the chemical and physical characteristics about this substance?
B. 名詞作先行詞的重復(fù)
1. Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.
2. A synthetic material equal to that alloy in strength has been created, which is very useful in industry.
(二)動詞的重復(fù)
1. Refrigerators, freezers and air-conditioners must obey not only the first law (energy conservation) but the second law as well.
2. The conflict spread everywhere, into little villages, as well as the cities.
(三)代詞的重復(fù)
A. 人稱代詞的重復(fù)
1. There is air around us although we cannot see it.
2. She works extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
3. He hated failure; he had conquered it all this life, risen above it, and despised it in others.
B. 代詞that (或those)的重復(fù)
1. Einstein first considered that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.
2. Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.
C. 物主代詞的重復(fù)
1. The conductor has its properties, and the insulator has its own.
2. Medium waves have their uses, short waves have their uses.
D. Whoever, whichever等詞的重復(fù)
1. Give the book to whoever wants to buy it.
2. You may solve the question in whichever way you know well.
(四)譯成漢語的疊字
1. The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things.
2. Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look.
3. She hoped she had mixed enough fact and fiction in her story to mislead him.
4. They read the afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house.
二、省略法
(一)冠詞的省略
1. In a word China is a developing country. It needs time to have further development.
2. Laser can be used as a surgical instrument since the beam can cut through tissue in an instant.
(二)代詞的省略
1. Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.
2. We should concern ourselves here only with the sentence patterns.
3. It is better to do well than to say well.
(三)介詞的省略
1. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.
2. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.
3. The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.
4. She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delightful to have a brother,” and easily got the pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends and kindred.
(四)連詞的省略
1. Some bacteria are extremely harmful but others are helpful.
2. Because heat does not take up any room and it does not weigh anything, it is not a material.
3. The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.
三、正反、反正表達(dá)法
(一)英文從正面表達(dá)，譯文從反面表達(dá)
1. He seemed to be at a loss for precise word to complete his thought.
2. Tom said her handling of the matter left very much to be desired.
3. Her face was streaked with dirt and her hair was a tangle; even so, you could see her pretty features.
4. Jim uses his hands and body beautifully, while Tom has zero body language.
5. He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued them.
6. Appearances are deceptive.
7. The demands seemed less than reasonable.
8. Disaster wears many masks.
9. Her husband hates to see her stony face.
(二)英文從反面表達(dá)，譯文從正面表達(dá)
1. Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.
2. Mexico City is an earthquake zone and earth tremors are not unusual.
3. He never spared himself and so he made me work hard.
4. Don’t make your conclusion before the end of the year.
5. He returned home with no hope on his face.
四、分句、合句法
(一)分句法
A. 由于某一單詞的需要
1. He cannot politely turn down the invitation to our party.
2. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.
3. It sounded like a fairly tale---but it was too brutally real.
4. There is also the distressing possibility that Tom isn’t quite the catch the police thought.
5. Yesterday I came across that smart little lady called Mary.
6. One problem in trying to discuss my report is its sheer volume.
7. A schoolmaster, finding such errors in a schoolboy’s essay, would be justly indignant.
B. 由于某一短語之需要，特別是介詞短語
1. The following morning, at a ceremony in the East Room if the White House, with President Nixon, the Cabinet, and his family looking on, Henry Kissinger was sworn (in) by Chief justice Warren Burger as America’s fifty-sixth Secretary of State.
2. Now he and Tom, his friend, were our guests in New York over the holidays.
3. To many, the sheer numbers of China’s people were menacing, and exclusionary immigration laws were enacted to keep them out.
拓展：英語考試技巧
一、多分析事物，注意積累表現(xiàn)事物動態(tài)的詞語。
世界上的一切事物，不時刻刻都在運動和變革。我們怎樣才能把它們的動態(tài)寫出來呢?一是在觀察周圍事物的時候，要特別留心事物處于動態(tài)時的特征;二是要掌握必然數(shù)量的能準(zhǔn)確描繪事物動態(tài)的動詞。同學(xué)們學(xué)過的《小英雄雨來》一課中有一句寫雨來游水的話：“雨來像小鴨子一樣抖著頭上的水，用手抹一下眼睛和鼻子，嘴里吹著氣，望著媽媽笑�！边@句話，抓住雨來游水時動作的特點，用“抖”、“抹”、“吹”、“望”、“笑”等五個準(zhǔn)確的動詞，寫出了雨來出水時的五個連續(xù)動作，把雨來天真、活潑、頑皮的性格描繪得栩栩如生。可見，我們要把事物的動態(tài)寫得形象傳神，除了觀察、分析事物的動態(tài)特征外，還必需積累必然數(shù)量的描寫動態(tài)的詞語。
二、多聽聽音響，注意積累摹擬聲音的詞語。
怎樣把文章寫得有聲有色呢?除了抓住事物的形象特征進(jìn)行具體的描繪外，還要注意傾聽它們發(fā)出來的各種各樣的聲音，把聲音用文字描寫出來，讓人有“如聞其聲”的感覺。因此，我們平時除要“眼觀四面”外，還要注意“耳聽八方”，傾聽周圍各種各樣的聲音。聽它們的音色、音量有什么區(qū)別，聽它們抑揚頓挫的變革規(guī)律，聽這些聲音表達(dá)了什么樣的思想感情。然后，把聽到的聲音記下來，用象聲的詞語(也就是象聲詞)描繪出來。這樣，文章就會真的有聲有色了。
三、多讀多記憶，注意積累寓意深刻的成語。
成語是漢語詞匯海洋里的珍珠。它寓意深刻、內(nèi)容豐富，讀起來朗朗上口，用起來言簡意明。如果我們能掌握大量的成語，對我們說話、作文都是很有好處的。
成語之多，浩如煙海，僅一本《漢語成語大詞典》就收有17000個。在我們小學(xué)語文教材里也用了不少的成語。如十二冊老舍寫的《風(fēng)》這篇課文中就用了如下八個成語：七零八散、四面八方、暗無天日、日月無光、驚濤駭浪、鬼哭神號、橫行無忌、雞毛蒜皮。
成語這么多，怎樣記憶和積累呢?
成語一般是由四個字組成，并且在語法結(jié)構(gòu)和選詞組合上多數(shù)有必然的規(guī)律，且擺列有趣�，F(xiàn)在我們按照成語結(jié)構(gòu)選詞組合的特點進(jìn)行分類收集。這樣便于查找，也便于記憶。
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