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Java中基本數(shù)據(jù)類型與應(yīng)用
Java中除了二進(jìn)制文件和使用文本文件外還有基于Data的數(shù)據(jù)操作,這里的Data指的是Java的基本數(shù)據(jù)類型和String.基本數(shù)據(jù)類型包括byte、int、char、long、float、double、boolean和short.下面一起來(lái)看看Java中的基本數(shù)據(jù)類型與應(yīng)用,僅供參考!
說(shuō)到Java的基本數(shù)據(jù)類型必須談到的兩個(gè)類是DataInputStream和DataOutputStream.它們提供了對(duì)Java基本數(shù)據(jù)類型的操作,但是這些方法事實(shí)上是在兩個(gè)重要的接口中定義的DataInput和DataOutput,它們的功能就是把二進(jìn)制的字節(jié)流轉(zhuǎn)換成 Java的基本數(shù)據(jù)類型,同時(shí)還提供了從數(shù)據(jù)中使用UTF-8編碼構(gòu)建String的功能。有一個(gè)重要的類RandomAccessFile實(shí)現(xiàn)了 DataInput和DataOutput兩個(gè)接口使得他能夠?qū)ξ募瑫r(shí)進(jìn)行寫和讀的操作。
在DataInputStream和DataOutputStream兩個(gè)類中的方法都很簡(jiǎn)單,基本結(jié)構(gòu)為readXXXX()和 writeXXXX()其中XXXX代表基本數(shù)據(jù)類型或者String.在這里不多講述,不過(guò)值得一提的是我們有必要讀讀java中unicode的編碼規(guī)則,在API doc中有比較詳細(xì)的介紹。通常我們的對(duì)象有很多都是由java的基本數(shù)據(jù)類型構(gòu)成的,比如一個(gè)人的信息包括姓名,電子信箱,電話號(hào)碼和性別等。其實(shí)我們可以用DataInputStream中的方法和DataOutputStream中的方法按照一定的序列把數(shù)據(jù)寫入流中再按照相同的序列把他們讀取出來(lái),這就是我們自己實(shí)現(xiàn)的序列化,這可以用在數(shù)據(jù)傳輸中,比如在J2ME聯(lián)網(wǎng)程序中使用序列化機(jī)制傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。下面我們看看如何自己實(shí)現(xiàn)序列化,首先我們要有兩個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù)其中一個(gè)參數(shù)為空。
public Account()
{
}
public Account(String userName, String email, int age, boolean gender)
{
this.userName = userName;
this.email = email;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
}
當(dāng)我們進(jìn)行序列化的時(shí)候也很簡(jiǎn)單,我們只是往DataOutputStream中按照順序?qū)懭雽?duì)象的成員變量。例如:
public void serialize(DataOutputStream dos) throws IOException
{
dos.writeUTF(userName);
dos.writeUTF(email);
dos.writeInt(age);
dos.writeBoolean(gender);
}
當(dāng)我們進(jìn)行反序列化的時(shí)候則按照相同的順序從DataInputStream里面讀取數(shù)據(jù)并賦值給成員變量。例如:
public static Account deserialize(DataInputStream dis) throws IOException
{
Account account = new Account();
account.userName = dis.readUTF();
account.email = dis.readUTF();
account.age = dis.readInt();
account.gender = dis.readBoolean();
return account;
}
為了便于調(diào)試我們還提供一個(gè)toString()的方法打印出對(duì)象的實(shí)際信息。這是個(gè)好的習(xí)慣。
public String toString()
{
return "UserName = " + userName + " Email = " + email + " age = " + age + " gender = " + (gender ? "male" : "female");
}
為了測(cè)試序列化我們編寫下面的程序進(jìn)行測(cè)試,代碼比較簡(jiǎn)單。
package com.j2medev.mingjava;
import java.io.*;
public class TestDataIO
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
Account account = new Account("mingjava","eric.zhan@263.net",25,true);
System.out.println("before serialization……");
System.out.println(account.toString());
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
account.serialize(dos);
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray()));
Account sAccount = Account.deserialize(dis);
System.out.println("after serialization……");
System.out.println(sAccount.toString());
dos.close();
dis.close();
}
}
package com.j2medev.mingjava;
import java.io.*;
public class Account
{
private String userName = "";
private String email = "";
private int age = 0;
private boolean gender = false;
public Account()
{}
public Account(String userName, String email, int age, boolean gender)
{
this.userName = userName;
this.email = email;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
}
public void serialize(DataOutputStream dos) throws IOException
{
dos.writeUTF(userName);
dos.writeUTF(email);
dos.writeInt(age);
dos.writeBoolean(gender);
}
public static Account deserialize(DataInputStream dis) throws IOException
{
Account account = new Account();
account.userName = dis.readUTF();
account.email = dis.readUTF();
account.age = dis.readInt();
account.gender = dis.readBoolean();
return account;
}
public String toString()
{
return "UserName = " + userName + " Email = " + email + " age = " + age + " gender = " + (gender ? "male" : "female");
}
}
編譯運(yùn)行程序在控制臺(tái)輸出:
before serialization……
UserName = mingjava Email = eric.zhan@263.net age = 25 gender = male
after serialization……
UserName = mingjava Email = eric.zhan@263.net age = 25 gender = male
序列化成功!
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