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托福詞性變化及真題要點(diǎn)解析
在平平淡淡的日常中,我們都不可避免地會(huì)接觸到試題,試題是參考者回顧所學(xué)知識(shí)和技能的重要參考資料。你知道什么樣的試題才是規(guī)范的嗎?以下是小編收集整理的托福詞性變化及真題要點(diǎn)解析,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
有關(guān)詞性混淆的試題主要集中在written Expression (16-40題)中,命題范圍包括:
(1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中詞性一致,
(2)形容詞與副詞混淆,
(3)形容詞與名詞混淆,
(4)名詞與動(dòng)詞混淆。
其中,形容詞用錯(cuò)的題型占此類命題的最大比例。
1. 并列連詞and but or結(jié)構(gòu)要求詞性統(tǒng)一
全真例題分析
(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales.
[答案] A 并列連詞and連接三個(gè)形容詞,故(A)Bigness應(yīng)改為Big。
(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability.
[答案] D 并列連詞and連接三個(gè)名詞,而speed是形容詞,故應(yīng)改為speed。
(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments.
[答案] D 并列連詞and連接三個(gè)形容詞性質(zhì)的詞,共同修飾后面的中心詞governnenrfs 。而locally是副詞,應(yīng)改為local。
(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits.
[答案] B 并列連詞or前面是形容詞real。之后亦應(yīng)是形容詞imaginary。
2. 形容詞錯(cuò)用為副詞
解題要點(diǎn) 形容詞用來修飾說明名詞或名詞性成分的,而副詞則可修飾除名詞以外的所有詞性及句子成分。
全真例題分析
(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits
[答案]C 修飾限定介詞短語to ducks pheasants and rabbits 應(yīng)用副詞largely。
(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] D 修飾說明數(shù)詞(272)應(yīng)用副詞approximately。
(3) Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today.
[答案] 修飾形容詞短語larger than…應(yīng)用副詞形式considerably。
(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration.
[答案] C 修飾整個(gè)句耶Ellis ls land reopened its great hall as a museum of immigration 應(yīng)用副詞recently,表示時(shí)間。
(5) Because their properties differ from those of their constituents. Proper alloys can great increase the corrosion resistance of a metal.
[答案] C 修飾動(dòng)increase 應(yīng)用副詞greatly。
英語詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類型
(1)v.-n.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞, post-postage mail-mail weigh-weight advise-advice
(2)v.-n.-a.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞-形容詞 act-actor / actress-active change-change-changeable
(3) v.-a.-ad.-n.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞,副詞,名詞 fill-full,need-necessary-necessarily interest(v. / n.) interested /interesting
(4)n. a. n. a.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞 person personal ( 個(gè)人的; 私人的 ) fun funny
(5)n. pl. n. pl.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞復(fù)數(shù) gentleman gentlemen human humans
(6)a. ad. a. ad.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞 possible possibly probable probably
(7)a. ad. n.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞,名詞 true truly truth lucky luckily luck
(8)原級 比較級 最高級 far farther / further farthest / furthest little less least
英語詞性轉(zhuǎn)換方法
名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~的方法
1. 在名詞后面加-y可以變成形容詞(尤其是一些與天氣有關(guān)的名詞)。
例如:rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky等。
注意:1)如果名詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,這時(shí)應(yīng)雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-y。如:sun—sunny, fun—funny等。
2)少數(shù)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~時(shí),應(yīng)去掉e再加-y。例如:noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。
2. 一些抽象名詞在詞尾加-ful可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。
例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful等。
3. 一些表示國家的名詞可以在詞尾加-ese, -ish或-n構(gòu)成表示國籍、語言的形容詞。
例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。
4.在名詞后加-ous變?yōu)樾稳菰~。 例如:danger—dangerous等。
5. 在名詞后加-ly變?yōu)樾稳菰~。
例如:friend—friendly, love—lovely等。
6.在名詞后加-less構(gòu)成含有否定意義的形容詞。
例如:care—careless(粗心的),use—useless(無用的),hope—hopeless(沒希望的),home—homeless(無家可歸的)等。
7. 一些以-ence結(jié)尾的名詞,把ence改為ent變成形容詞。 例如:difference—different, silence—silent等。
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