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托福閱讀推斷題的解題方法
托福閱讀中的推斷題一直是考生心理的陰影和恐懼，下面YJBYS小編為大家?guī)黻P(guān)于托福閱讀推斷題的解題方法，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)，預(yù)祝對您有所幫助!
題干特征：推斷題的題干經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)infer,suggest,imply, indicate這類單詞
考查形式主要分為兩大類：對比推斷和細(xì)節(jié)推斷，而后者出現(xiàn)的幾率更大。
考查形式一：對比推斷
A時(shí)間對比：一般有兩個(gè)形成對比的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，它們所具有的特征一般相反。如：原文會出現(xiàn)before1990的信息，而題目會問after 1990的信息?
解決方案：收集問題對應(yīng)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)的信息，然后取反。
注意原文中出現(xiàn)的表示時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)的詞 before, after, not…until…
例題
The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main,the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for theraising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficientway of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices werehigh, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to bebreaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first greatwave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s, whereas in 1810 onlya seventy of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more thana third lived there.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.
○They were able to sell their produce at high prices.
○They had not been successful in raising cattle.
○They did not operate in a national market economy.
答案D
對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmersto escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periodswhen commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
B直接對比：兩個(gè)或多個(gè)事物的特征——如原文會出現(xiàn)A的特點(diǎn)，然后會有B和A相比較的信息，然后題目問B的特點(diǎn)?
解決方案：收集題干所問的推斷對象(about后面的信息一般為推斷對象)的全部信息(一般為上述的B)，然后在原文所描述的與之相關(guān)的信息(一般為上述的A)的基礎(chǔ)之上取反。
注意原文中出現(xiàn)的表示對比的關(guān)系詞：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, incomparison to, distinct from, different from等詞。
例題
Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-aremammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Theirstreamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowholecannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of seaotters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on landand at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fullymarine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walkingmammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearlyintermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
答案A
對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, andwalruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision whatthe first whales looked like.
考查形式二：細(xì)節(jié)推斷
考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷，事物的特點(diǎn)，屬性等。
解決方案：收集題干所提問的推斷對象(about后面的信息一般為推斷對象)的所有信息。如果推斷對象所涉及的信息比較多，難以抓到重點(diǎn)，則逐個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行定位篩選。
例題
Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground,filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoricwater; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoricwater is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain andsnow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, beforeemerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enoughspace in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walkon?
○It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.
○It prevents most groundwater from circulating.
○It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.
○It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.
答案C
AThere it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.
BBy far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is thegroundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.
C At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” groundunderfoot to hold all this water.
DOrdinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, fromprecipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.
綜上所述，推斷題并沒有我們想象的那么晦澀。它仍然是關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)層面的題目，主要考查考生收集和題目相關(guān)的信息和梳理這些信息的能力。我們需要做到：
1把題干提問的推斷對象的信息收集完全，并理解到位。
2記住所看即所得，不要過分推斷，不要腦補(bǔ)。
3任何文章中出現(xiàn)的信息都有可能考查推斷，所以不要忽略任何一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。
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