托福寫作中如何使用過渡詞

　　在托福寫作中，過渡詞的使用能幫助考生捋順?biāo)悸�，同時(shí)也有助于閱卷人理解托福考試寫作文章觀點(diǎn)、句子和段落之間的銜接。在本文中，我將主要介紹時(shí)間、因果關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、解釋說明的過渡托福寫作詞匯。

　　1)時(shí)間

　　表示時(shí)間的過渡詞能用到以下表達(dá)：before, after, ago, later, then, next, at the same time, while,meanwhile, since, during.

　　EXAMPLE

　　As China has witnessed its dramatic transformation in economy since1978, people’s life has been altered a lot compared with decades of years ago.During the past years, people’s eating habits have also been different. With more choicesemerging, there are more kinds of food available; at the same time, theprocessed technology makes it possible to preserve the nutrients of food asmuch as possible.

　　2) 因果關(guān)系

　　表示一個(gè)事物引起另一個(gè)事物的過渡詞能用到以下表達(dá)：because, because of, since, on account of, due to, owing to, so, therefore,thereby, hence, thereby, thus, as a result, result in, as a consequence,consequently.

　　EXAMPLE

　　Meanwhile, in some rich countries and areas where education ishighly developed, there are other factors which may hind a country’sdevelopment, such as environmental pollution. Beijing, for example, as China’s educationcenter, has seen its people suffering from heavy smog since several years ago.With the rapid development of this metropolis, the air quality is getting worseand worse. People get sick and some of them even die. More and more companiesand workers are leaving this city because of the unaffordable health cost,resulting in huge economic damage. In this case, it is air quality that acts asthe most key part in social development instead of education. Thus the mosturgent task for the government is to improve the air quality other thanimproving schools.

　　3) 并列關(guān)系

　　在寫作中表示并列關(guān)系可用以下表達(dá)：First…Second…Third….Also, as well as, and, similarly，besides，On one hand…one theother hand…

　　EXAMPLE

　　In contrast, to protect the environment and develop farming, thegovernment should encourage farmers to compost animal waste for use as anatural soil amendment and reduce the use of pesticides that contain hazardouselements so as to ensure food security as well as food safety.

　　4) 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

　　為了在文章中表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，可以采用以下表達(dá)：Moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s more,besides, also, similarly

　　EXAMPLE

　　What we should not ignore is the advantages owned by small partiesthat cannot be replaced by big parties. Compared with small parties, bigparties cost much more money and not all the food and drinks can be eaten up,as a result of which would cause much more waste; besides, there are much morepeople in the big parties and it is hard to know about all of them, among whichthe strangers can cause alienation and loneliness; in addition, unlike smallparties, big parties are hard to organize because it is really difficult tomake a schedule which is available to all the participants. Thus, it is easier,more economical, and more convenient to have small parties rather than bigparties.

　　5) 讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

　　在文章中表示讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，可以采用以下表達(dá)：Although, though, despite, in spite of

　　EXAMPLE

　　Though we can see the importance of communication skills, it is hardfor us to agree with the arguer since there are many other important aspectsfor a person’s success which are left out.

　　6) 比較關(guān)系:

　　為了在寫作中體現(xiàn)比較關(guān)系，可以采用一下表達(dá)：Compare with, in comparison with, in contrast to, similar to,similarly, like, unlike, either/or, Correspondently, resemble, almost the sameas, at the same time as, just as, in a like manner, in the same way, common in,than, also, neither/nor, differ from, while yet, instead

　　EXAMPLE

　　By contrast, it is needful for the government to put more money inenhancing the economy of the impoverished areas. A small village in my hometowncan be evident. Compared with the city’s prosperity, thisvillage is almost cut off from civilization, where people lead an extremelypoor life: their food is only potatoes; their clothes are dirty and worn-out;their houses are dilapidated, made of woods and stones; there is almost no busthat can reach there since the road is bad.

　　7) 解釋說明

　　通過舉例說明某一觀點(diǎn)時(shí)可用一下表達(dá)：In other words, to clarify, to explain, to paraphrase, as, like,that is, for example, such as, for instance, to illustrate, namely

　　EXAMPLE

　　Working is a lifelong thing. If money has been put the first, it canbe wrong. I will give an example in order to explain my viewpoint. Manywhite-collar workers in big cities always work overtime in order to earn moremoney. But working overtime has eroded their relaxing time and damaged theirhealth and family relationship. Later, they have to pay a high price to fixtheir health problems and their unhappy family life. Moreover, some unluckystaff even died from overwork.

　　缺少過渡詞會(huì)使得文章看起來各部分相對(duì)獨(dú)立，極大地影響文章的連貫性和流暢性。所以學(xué)會(huì)使用過渡詞，能幫助考生在fluency and transition這一評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下獲得較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。通過上面對(duì)于托�？荚噷懽髦谐Ｓ玫年P(guān)聯(lián)詞介紹大家對(duì)托福寫作詞匯又有新的認(rèn)識(shí)了，多采取一些變化無論是對(duì)于托福寫作還是別的項(xiàng)目都是很有好處的。

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