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初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法

時(shí)間:2024-06-09 20:52:19 基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法大全

  作表語(yǔ)副詞:

初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法大全

  地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作表語(yǔ),放在be等連系動(dòng)詞之后,說(shuō)明人物所處的位置。

  如:I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)

  I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了)

  Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)

  動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)

  動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞,按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

  1.行為動(dòng)詞

  行為動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞 (vt)和不及物動(dòng)詞(vi),及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),后跟賓語(yǔ);不及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),有完整的詞義,能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),但后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ),如要帶賓語(yǔ)則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。

  如:

  More and more people study English.(vt)

  The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

  2.連系動(dòng)詞

  連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

  如:

  Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

  It feels damp.

  3.助動(dòng)詞

  助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示否定,疑問(wèn)及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)等語(yǔ)法特征,助動(dòng)詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

  如:

  How do you usually come to school?

  The children are playing yo-yo now.

  4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

  如:

  Can I help you?

  - Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

  a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí),指本身有能力的"能";be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)均可,指須經(jīng)過(guò)努力而"能"。

  b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說(shuō)話(huà)人主觀(guān)認(rèn)為"必須",只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí);have/has to表示客觀(guān)需要,意為"不得不",它可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。

  c.need和dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作行為動(dòng)詞。

  動(dòng)詞不定式的形式

  1.作主語(yǔ)。 如:

  To learn English is very important.

  但實(shí)際上不定式作主語(yǔ)常用 it來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ),而將不定式移至謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后作真正的主語(yǔ)。

  如上句可表達(dá)為:

  It's very important to learn English.

  2.作表語(yǔ)。 如:

  My idea is to ring him up at once.

  3.作賓語(yǔ)。 如:

  I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

  4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

  a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

  如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

  b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

  如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

  c. let, make, have這些使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。

  如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

  d.動(dòng)詞help接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),可帶to也可不帶to。

  如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

  5.作定語(yǔ)。

  a.與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面的介詞千萬(wàn)不要省略。

  如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

  b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。

  如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

  c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。

  如: I have no time to play cards.

  6.作狀語(yǔ),表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。

  如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

  7.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"for sb. to do sth" 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用"It is +adj+ for

  of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,

  right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."

  其他形容詞用 for。

  如:

  It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

  It's very kind of you to help me.

  8.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。

  如: I don't know when to start.

  He didn't tell me where to go.

  但上面結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句,故上述句子也可表達(dá)為:

  I don't know when we'll start.

  He didn't tell me where he would go.

  注意:

  a.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能帶不定式,只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。

  如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過(guò)),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

  如: The peasants are busy picking apples.

  Would you mind my opening the door?

  b.有些動(dòng)詞后可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,但意思不同。

  如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒(méi)做)

  Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過(guò)信了)

  They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

  They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

  短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的四種類(lèi)型

  動(dòng)詞與介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ),叫短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主要有四類(lèi):

  一、動(dòng)詞+副詞

  有的一般不跟賓語(yǔ),如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟賓語(yǔ),如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

  注意:賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),放在副詞前面或后面都可以,但若作賓語(yǔ)的是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí),就只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間了。如:

  We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我們決定把會(huì)議推遲。

  We’ve decided to put it off. 我們決定將它推遲。(不說(shuō)put off it)

  二、動(dòng)詞+介詞

  如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必須接賓語(yǔ)。如:

  I don’t care for tea. 我不喜歡喝茶。

  三、動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

  如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:

  She soon caught up with us. 她很快趕上了我們。

  四、動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

  如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出貢獻(xiàn)等。如:

  Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的時(shí)候,你要照顧好你弟弟。

  及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞

  根據(jù)其后是否帶賓語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞(帶賓語(yǔ))和不及物動(dòng)詞(不帶賓語(yǔ))。如:

  When will he arrive? 他什么時(shí)候到?(arrive 不帶賓語(yǔ),為不及物動(dòng)詞)

  He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達(dá)北京。(reach 帶了賓語(yǔ),為及物動(dòng)詞)

  有的動(dòng)詞既可用作及物動(dòng)詞也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞:

  The child is playing. 這小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

  The child is playing the piano. 這小孩在彈鋼琴。(及物用法)

  He is writing. 他在寫(xiě)字。(不及物用法)

  He is writing a letter. 他在寫(xiě)信。(及物用法)

  The boy is reading. 這男孩在閱讀。 (不及物用法)

  The boy is reading a magazine. 這男孩在看雜志。(及物用法)

  上面對(duì)及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞知識(shí)的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí),希望給同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)很好的幫助,相信同學(xué)們會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的更好的吧。

  實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

  根據(jù)其含義和句子功用,動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(包括時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞等)。如:

  He bought a story book. 他買(mǎi)了一本故事書(shū)。(buy 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

  He has read the story book. 他已讀過(guò)這本故事書(shū)。(has 為時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,read為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞)

  He should read the story book. 他應(yīng)該讀讀這本故事書(shū)。(should 為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,red為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

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