吳冠中西歐的夏天英譯賞析

　　從臺灣的定義講來，西歐幾乎沒有夏天。在西歐的大城，例如巴黎和倫敦，7月中旬走在陽光下，只覺得溫曖舒適，并不出汗。下面是小編分享的張培基英譯散文賞析之《西歐的夏天》，歡迎大家閱讀!

　　西歐的夏天

　　Summer in Western Europe

　　吳冠中

　　Yu Guangzhong

　　| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國散文選二》

　　旅客似乎是十分輕松的人，實(shí)際上卻相當(dāng)辛苦。旅客不用上班，卻必須受時(shí)間的約束;愛做什么就做什么，卻必須受錢包的限制;愛去哪里就去哪里，卻必須把幾件行李蝸牛殼一般帶在身上。旅客最可怕的噩夢，是錢和證件一起遺失，淪為來歷不明的乞丐。旅客最難把握的東西，便是氣候。

　　Light-hearted as he seems,a traveler is in fact under great stress. Though on vacation, he is nevertheless subject to the restraint of time. He can do whatever he likes on the trip, but he has to keep the expenditure within the limits of his pocket. Wherever he goes, he has to take with him his cumbersome hand luggage. He faces the most horrible possibility of losing his money and credentials, which will reduce himself to a pauper of unknown background. And, besides, he can never be sure of the weather.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“旅客似乎是十分輕松的人，實(shí)際上卻相當(dāng)辛苦。”譯為Light-hearted as he seems,a traveler is in fact under great stress.其中“輕松的“還可譯為jiyous joyful cheerful等，但Light-hearted有carefree (無憂無慮)的含義，更加貼合語境，”辛苦“此處即”處于緊張狀態(tài)“譯為under great stress.與前面的Light-hearted形成對比~還要注意本句用第三人稱he來代指“旅客”拉近了與讀者的距離~

　　2，“旅客不用上班”意即“旅客在度假”或“即使是在假期”譯為Though on vacation/vacationing~比直譯為though he doesn’t go to work 確切

　　3,” 愛做什么就做什么，卻必須受錢包的限制”譯為He can do whatever he likes on the trip, but he has to keep the expenditure within the limits of his pocket，“受…的限制”=within the limitation of…

　　4,”蝸牛殼一般“譯者只取其本質(zhì)含義譯為cumbersome，簡潔生動~

　　5，“淪為來歷不明的乞丐“譯為which will reduce himself to a pauper of unknown background.其中reduce to 我們在《我坐了木船》等文中見過無數(shù)次了，此處重點(diǎn)看”來歷不明“的譯法除了譯為…of unknown background以外，還可譯為unidentifiable …

　　我現(xiàn)在就是這樣的旅客。從西班牙南端一直旅行到英國的北端，我經(jīng)歷了各樣的氣候，已經(jīng)到了寒暑不侵的境界。此刻我正坐在中世紀(jì)古堡改裝的旅館里，為讀者寫稿，剛剛黎明，濕灰灰的云下是蘇格蘭中部荒莽的林木，林外是隱隱的青山。曉寒襲人，我坐在厚達(dá)尺許的石墻里，穿了一件毛衣，如果要走下回旋長梯像走下古堡之腸，去坡下的野徑漫步尋幽，還得披上一件夠厚的外套。

　　That’s what I’m like now. I’ve traveled all the way from the southern tip of Spain to the northern tip of England, experiencing a variety of climates until I’ve become apathetic to the elements. I’m now sitting in a medieval castle turned hotel, writing an article for my readers. The day is just dawning. In Central Scotland, there lies under the gray wet clouds a wild wooded region, beyond which a green mountain stands faintly visible. In the chilly air of the early morning, I have to be dressed in a woolen sweater while sitting on a stone wall one foot on thickness. But I need, in addition, an outer garment to keep me warm in case I come down the spiral staircase—the intestines of the castle—to take a stroll along an unfrequented path down the mountain slope in search of secluded places of quiet beauty.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“寒暑不侵“即”對各種天氣都不在乎了“或”適應(yīng)了各種天氣“，譯為I’ve become apathetic to the elements或be indifferent to the change of weather

　　2,” 中世紀(jì)古堡改裝的旅館”譯為a medieval castle turned hotel,turned 是不及物動詞turn的過去分詞，用作adj

　　3，“剛剛黎明“譯為The day is just dawning. dawn原來也可以用作動詞~意為”開始;破曉，天亮“如：The morning dawn fresh and clear after the storm.

　　The next day dawn somber and gloomy

　　4，”濕灰灰的云下是蘇格蘭中部荒莽的林木，林外是隱隱的青山”譯為In Central Scotland, there lies under the gray wet clouds a wild wooded region, beyond which a green mountain stands faintly visible.這兩個(gè)分句出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主語，修飾成分較多，乍看比較混亂，但略作分析便可明了“樹林“是核心詞，應(yīng)做主語;”濕灰灰的云下“”蘇格蘭中部“作狀語，分別譯為In Central Scotland和under the gray wet clouds，分置于句首和句中;”林外是隱隱的青山“譯為定從，后置，即beyond which a green mountain stands faintly visible

　　5，厚達(dá)尺許(即一尺左右)= one foot on thickness

　　曉寒襲人(即早上的空氣很冷)= In the chilly air of the early morning

　　6，“走下回旋長梯像走下古堡之腸“用as或like直接翻譯略顯冗雜，譯者直接將”古堡之腸“轉(zhuǎn)譯為”回旋長梯“的同位語，精簡了句式，也傳達(dá)了原文的意思~

　　7，“野徑“一般意為”人跡稀少的小路“或”冷清的小路“，譯為an unfrequented path

　　“尋幽“即”尋找寧靜的美景“譯為in search of secluded places of quiet beauty

　　從臺灣的定義講來，西歐幾乎沒有夏天。晝蟬夜蛙，汗流浹背，是臺灣的夏天。在西歐的大城，例如巴黎和倫敦，7月中旬走在陽光下，只覺得溫曖舒適，并不出汗。西歐的旅館和汽車，例皆不備冷氣，因?yàn)榫退闾鞜�，也是幾天就過去了，值不得為避暑費(fèi)事。我在西班牙、法國、英國等地租車長途旅行，其車均無冷氣，只能扇風(fēng)。

　　By Taiwan standards, Western Europe has practically no summer at all. Summer in Taiwan is characterized by man’s copious perspiration as well as daytime chirping of cicadas and nighty croaking of frogs while in big European cities, like Paris and London, the mid-July temperature is so moderate and comfortable that none sweat even in the sun. Hotels and cars in Western Europe are usually not air-conditioned because hot days are so few that people don’t bother about having a cooler. The cars I hired for long-distance driving in Spain, France and England had fans, but no air-conditioning.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“從臺灣的定義講來“即”以臺灣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“譯為By Taiwan standards,

　　2，“汗流浹背“= copious perspiration(大量的汗珠)

　　3,” 晝蟬夜蛙”意即“白天能聽到蟬叫，晚上能聽到蛙鳴“此處譯者為了句式一致，將其名詞化譯為“白天的蟬鳴和夜里的蛙鳴“= daytime chirping(啁啾聲)of cicadas and nightly croaking(哇哇聲) of frogs，使得句式更加簡潔，此外擬聲詞的運(yùn)用也為譯文增色不少

　　4，“只覺得溫曖舒適，并不出汗“因果關(guān)系~

　　5，“例皆不備冷氣“意為”都沒裝空調(diào)“，故譯為are usually not air-conditioned，其中”沒裝空調(diào)“譯者靈活滴將”裝空調(diào)“轉(zhuǎn)為be done的形式，后面又出現(xiàn)的” 均無冷氣“譯為no air-conditioning，這里的air-conditioning作名詞”空調(diào)系統(tǒng)“或”空調(diào)設(shè)備“講~

　　巴黎的所謂夏天，像是臺北的深夜，早晚上街，涼風(fēng)襲肘，一件毛衣還不足御寒。如果你走塞納河邊，風(fēng)力加上水氣，更需要一件風(fēng)衣才行。下午日暖，單衣便夠，可是一走到樓影或樹陰里，便嫌單衣太薄。地面如此，地下卻又不同。巴黎的地車比紐約、倫敦、馬德里的都好，卻相當(dāng)悶熱，令人穿不住毛衣。所以地上地下，穿穿脫脫，也頗麻煩。

　　The climate of Paris in summer is like that of Taipei at night. When you go out on an early morning or late evening, your woolen sweater will be hardly warm enough to keep out the nip in the air. When you walk along the Seine, where it is even chillier due to the strong wind coupled with the cold waters, you have to wear a windcheater. Then, all you need is just an unlined garment in the afternoon when it is warm, but you’ll feel like putting on more when you are under the shade of buildings or trees. That’s all for things aboveground. Now things underground. The subway of Paris is better than that of New York, London or Madrid, but it is so hot and stuffy that you feel like taking off your woolen sweater. Consequently you’ll be annoyed by having to don or doff your clothes now and then, depending on whether you’re aboveground or underground.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“如果你走塞納河邊，風(fēng)力加上水氣，更需要一件風(fēng)衣才行。”譯為When you walk along the Seine, where it is even chillier due to the strong wind coupled with the cold waters, you have to wear a windcheater.其中“風(fēng)力加上水氣”是“塞納河邊的”狀態(tài)，因此用where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾，而“更需要穿”根據(jù)意思轉(zhuǎn)為“不得不穿”來翻譯，也算是貼合原文意思

　　2，then承上啟下，無實(shí)際意思

　　3，“地面如此，地下卻又不同。”譯為That’s all for things aboveground. Now things underground.意同… is one thing and…is another

　　4，“嫌單衣太薄”和“令人穿不住毛衣”，分別譯為you’ll feel like putting on more，和you feel like taking off your woolen sweater， “嫌太薄”即“想多穿”，“穿不住”即“想脫掉”，這兩個(gè)詞都不好翻，但譯者抓住其本質(zhì)含義，以一個(gè)feel like準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了原文的意思~

　　5，“所以地上地下，穿穿脫脫，也頗麻煩。”譯為Consequently you’ll be annoyed by having to don or doff your clothes now and then, depending on whether you’re aboveground or underground.其中now and then和depending on whether you’re aboveground or underground都是為了充分表達(dá)原文意思而增益的部分而增益的部分

　　7月在巴黎的街上，行人的衣裝，從少女的背心短褲到老嫗的厚大衣，四季都有。7月在巴黎，幾乎天天都是晴天，有時(shí)一連數(shù)日碧空無云，入夜后天也不黑下來，只變得深洞洞的暗藍(lán)。巴黎附近無山，城中少見高樓，城北的蒙馬特也只是一個(gè)矮丘，太陽要到九點(diǎn)半才落到地平線上，更顯得晝長夜短，有用不完的下午。不過晴天也會突來霹靂：7月14日法國國慶那天上午，密特朗總統(tǒng)在香熱里榭大道主持閱兵盛典，就忽來一陣大雨，淋得總統(tǒng)和軍樂隊(duì)狼狽不堪。電視的觀眾看得見雨氣之中，樂隊(duì)長的指揮杖竟失手落地，連忙俯身拾起。

　　In July, Parisians in the open are seen dressed in the clothes of all seasons, ranging from young girls’ vests and short skirt to elderly women’s thick overcoats. In July, Paris has sunny weather almost every day. Sometimes the sky is blue and cloudless for days on end and, when night comes, it never turns pitch dark, but remains a deep blue. There are no mountains in its vicinity and few high-rises in the city proper. Montmartre in the north of the city is a mere hillock. As the sun never sinks below the horizon until 9:30 pm, the days seem even longer and the nights even shorter. And the afternoons seem to last endlessly. Nevertheless, sometimes a thunderbolt also comes from the clear sky. On the morning of July14, French National Day, when President Mitterrand was presiding over the review of a massive military parade on Champs Elysées, it suddenly started rainning in torrents. The President and the military band, caught in the downpour, found themselves in a very awkward situation. TV viewers even saw the bandmaster bend down quickly to pick up the baton he had dropped onto the ground in a flurry.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“7月在巴黎的街上”是典型的中式表達(dá)，譯者在此只譯In July,而將“在巴黎的街上”用下文的Parisians in the open體現(xiàn)出來，既忠實(shí)于原文意思，又不拘泥于原文形式~

　　2，“一連數(shù)日”= for days on end,其中on end 意為“連續(xù)地”，其同義詞還有successively， consecutively ，continuously ，continually ，without end ，running ，on the run，on the trot

　　3，proper在此意為副詞”完全地，徹底地“

　　4，in torrents,意即“(大雨)傾盆地”

　　5，“電視的觀眾看得見雨氣之中，樂隊(duì)長的指揮杖竟失手落地，連忙俯身拾起。”譯為TV viewers even saw the bandmaster bend down quickly to pick up the baton he had dropped onto the ground in a flurry.本段多動詞句頗多，一般用我們之前講的方法都能化解(即“找主要動詞為謂語，次重要的譯為非謂語或從句，再不重要的譯為介詞短語”)，但這句話中的動詞是可以連成一體的，因此譯者調(diào)整了動詞的順序，譯為可以串聯(lián)起來的動作~

　　法國北部及中部地勢平坦，一望無際，氣候卻有變化。巴黎北行一小時(shí)至盧昂，就覺得冷些;西南行二小時(shí)至羅瓦河中流，氣候就暖得多，下午竟頗燠熱，不過入夜就涼下來，星月異常皎潔。

　　In Northern and Central France lie boundless level plains with varying climates. Rouen, which is a one-hour ride to the north of Paris, is cooler while the central reaches of the Loire River, which is a two-hour ride to the southwest of Paris, is much warmer. The latter becomes very hot in the afternoon, but cooler at night with the bright moon and stars in the sky.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“巴黎北行一小時(shí)至盧昂”即“盧昂位于巴黎北部，距巴黎有一小時(shí)車程”，譯為Rouen, which is a one-hour ride to the north of Paris,

　　而后面的“西南行二小時(shí)至羅瓦河中流“也采取了同樣的句式

　　2，“下午竟頗燠熱，不過入夜就涼下來，星月異常皎潔。“譯為The latter becomes very hot in the afternoon, but cooler at night with the bright moon and stars in the sky.用 the latter化簡句子的長度，也是值得借鑒的，我們在《朋友》中也見到過~

　　再往南行入西班牙，氣候就變得干暖。馬德里在高臺地的中央，七月的午間并不悶熱，入夜甚至得穿毛衣。我在南部安達(dá)露西亞地區(qū)及陽光海岸(Costa del Sol)開車，一路又干又熱，枯黃的草原，干燥的石堆，大地像一塊烙餅，攤在酷藍(lán)的天穹之下，路旁的草叢常因干燥而起火，勢頗驚人�？墒悄鞘歉蔁�，并不令人出汗，和臺灣的濕悶不同。

　　Down in Spain, the climate is arid and warm. Madrid is located in the center of plateau. Its noontime temperature in July is not sultry, and you have to wear a woolen sweater towards the evening. In Southern Spain, when driving in the Andalucia region and along the Costa del Sol, I found everything dry and hot. The grass was turning yellow and the rocks were dry. The earth was like a pancake roasting under the deep blue firmament. Alarmingly, the roadside grass often started burning by itself. Unlike Taiwan which is humid, Southern Spain is hot and dry and so people there don’t sweat at all.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，”再往南行入西班牙“即“再往南行駛進(jìn)入西班牙” Down in Spain，可以看做是是driving down the south, we entered in Spain 的省略形式,in此處是介詞代替動詞

　　2，“攤在…下”意為“在…下烤著…”故譯為roasting under

　　3，“勢頗驚人“即”火勢頗為驚人“，通常我們會采用從句的形式，而譯者此處用副詞更顯簡潔

　　英國則趨于另一極端，顯得陰濕，氣溫也低。我在倫敦的河堤區(qū)住了三天，一直是陰天，下著間歇的毛毛雨。即使破曉時(shí)露一下朝暾，早餐后天色就陰沉下來了。與我存走過滑鐵盧橋，7月的河風(fēng)吹來，水氣陰陰，令人打一個(gè)寒噤，把毛的翻領(lǐng)拉起。

　　England is at the other extreme, being overcast and wet with a low temperature. It was gloomy all the time and kept drizzling intermittently during the three days when I stayed in the River Embankment area of London. Sometimes the morning sun made its brief appearance at daybreak, but the sky turned overcast soon after breakfast. While crossing Waterloo Bridge with Wocun against the July wind blowing from the River Thames, a nip in the air sent shivers down my spine, forcing me to turn up my fur collar.

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1，“下著間歇的毛毛雨“= kept drizzling intermittently

　　2，“我在倫敦的河堤區(qū)住了三天“很容易讓人聯(lián)想到使用spend on,然而根據(jù)上下文我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)分句并不是主句，而是一個(gè)狀語即”我在…住了三天，那時(shí)/那幾天…“，因此譯為during the three days when I stayed in the River Embankment area of London.

　　3，“與我存走過滑鐵盧橋，7月的河風(fēng)吹來，水氣陰陰，令人打一個(gè)寒噤，把毛的翻領(lǐng)拉起.“即”我和…過橋時(shí)，頂著7月的河風(fēng)，帶著寒氣的空氣使我寒顫，迫使我立起了我的毛領(lǐng)“合譯時(shí)注意分析各個(gè)分句間主語的關(guān)系，”我“和”河風(fēng)“是”我頂著河風(fēng)走“的關(guān)系，against依舊是一個(gè)可以代替動詞的介詞

　　我們開車北行，一路上經(jīng)過塔尖如夢的牛津，城樓似幻的勒德洛(Ludlow)，古橋野渡的蔡斯特(Chester)，雨云始終罩在車頂，雨點(diǎn)在車窗上也未干過。進(jìn)入步布瑞亞的湖區(qū)之后，遍地江湖，滿空云雨，偶見天邊綻出一角薄藍(lán)，立刻便有更多的灰云挾雨遮掩過來。真要怪華茲華斯的詩魂小氣，不肯讓我一窺他詩中的晴美湖光。在我一夕投宿的鷹頭(Hawkshead)小店棧樓窗望出去，沿湖一帶，樹樹含雨，山山帶云，很想告訴格拉斯米教堂墓地里的詩翁，我國古代有一片云夢大澤，也出過一位水氣逼人的詩宗。

　　We drove up north through Oxford with its dreamy spires, Ludlow with its illusory old castles and Chester with its ancient bridge and solitary ferry crossing. Rain clouds continued to hang over our car and raindrops remained intact on its windows. After entering the Lake District, Cumbria, we found rivers and lakes everywhere and the sky full of rain clouds. Occasionally a speck of light blue would appear over the horizon only to be soon blotted out by dark grey rain clouds. I could not help complaining against Wordworth for grudging me a sunny scene of the beautiful Lakeland as described in his poems. In Hawkshead, I put up for one night at a small inn. Looking out of its window, I saw all trees around the lakes wet with rain and all mountains shrouded by clouds. How I longed to tell the great poet lying in Grasmere Churchyard that in ancient China there was also a great poet domiciled in a region of rivers and lakes!

　　要點(diǎn)：

　　1， 本段中的“向北行駛”譯為drove up north，up north即“到北部”

　　2， 塔尖如夢的牛津= Oxford with its dreamy spires

　　城樓似幻的勒德洛= Ludlow with its illusory old castles

　　古橋野渡的蔡斯特= Chester with its ancient bridge and solitary ferry crossing

　　這幾句皆可理解為“某地有著…”句式一致，語言優(yōu)美~

　　3，“真要怪華茲華斯的詩魂小氣，不肯讓我一窺他詩中的晴美湖光”譯為I could not help complaining against Wordworth for grudging me a sunny scene of the beautiful Lakeland as described in his poems.其中g(shù)rudge意即“勉強(qiáng)做;不情愿地給;吝惜”

　　4，“樹樹含雨，山山帶云”即“所有的樹都被雨打濕而所有的山都籠罩在云里”= all trees around the lakes wet with rain and all mountains shrouded by clouds

　　5，“云夢大澤”即“云夢澤” ，是中國湖北省江漢平原上的古代湖泊群的總稱，在此泛指湖泊河流，譯為in a region of rivers and lakes!

　　6，“水氣逼人”根據(jù)上下文理解為“偉大的”，譯為great

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