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大學(xué)英語四級翻譯常見語法考點(diǎn)
四級翻譯部分為漢譯英,共5個(gè)句子,一句一題,句長為15-30詞,句中的一部分已用英文給出,考生需根據(jù)全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語,考試時(shí)間5分鐘。下面是小編整理的大學(xué)英語四級翻譯常見語法考點(diǎn),歡迎大家閱讀!
一、題型介紹
大學(xué)英語四級考試的最后一個(gè)階段是翻譯。翻譯部分為 漢譯英,共5個(gè)句子,一句一題,句長為15—30詞。句中的一部分已用英文給出,要求考生根據(jù)全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語,約3到8個(gè)單詞?荚嚂r(shí)間5分鐘。翻譯須符合英語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣,要求用詞準(zhǔn)確。 該部分主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用正確的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)并按英 語習(xí)慣表達(dá)思想的能力。因此,要求學(xué)生在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和 四級復(fù)習(xí)中熟練掌握四級大綱規(guī)定的詞匯、詞組和語法 知識,熟悉各種句子結(jié)構(gòu),并且能夠活學(xué)活用。
二、評分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1. 整體內(nèi)容和語言均正確,得1分。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)正確,但整 體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當(dāng),得0.5分。
3. 整體意思正確但語言有錯誤,得0.5分。
4. 整體意思完全 錯誤,即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。
5. 大小寫錯誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符 號忽略不計(jì)。
常見語法考點(diǎn)真題解析
1、從句的翻譯
(1)主語從句 例. ___________(很多人沒有意識到的) is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案:What many people don’t realize
What的用法 1. what = just as,意為“恰像,猶如,好比”用作連詞,引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。 ⑴ 慣用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”。 E.g. Air is to us what water is to fish. (介詞to 表示兩者的關(guān)系) ⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。E.g. Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開畫布一樣。(介詞for表示“供…使 用”) ⑶ what 引導(dǎo)的從句也可以放在句首,其句式是:What C to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,喻體在前,主體在后,相當(dāng)于“just as…, as… so…”結(jié)構(gòu),意思也是“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”例如: What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.)鐵路對于運(yùn)輸,好比血管對于人體一樣。
2. what 與do with連用,意為“(怎樣)處理﹑安排或?qū)Ω兜取。what常有較靈活的翻譯,常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如:① What will you do with the letter?② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.
3. What從句可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語。例如:① We will make the factory twice what it is today.(句中的twice what it is today是動詞make的賓語the factory的補(bǔ)足語)Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.地心吸引力使人稱得現(xiàn)有的重量(句中的第一個(gè)what到句末為表語從句;句末的what you weigh 是 說明前面的動詞weigh,系回答how much 的問題, 作狀語)
4.與what連用的常用句型和詞組⑴ What if…?如果(假如)…將會怎么樣?例如: What if it is true?如果這是真的又怎么樣? What if a storm should come up?萬一發(fā)生暴風(fēng)雨怎么辦?(2)come what will(may)是固定搭配必須倒裝,意為“不管發(fā)生什么事” Come what will (may),I will always stand by you.
2)賓語從句 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的) not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案: is measured by how much they can loan
3)表語從句 In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________ (我比以前更容易累了). (2007.12) 答案:I am more likely to get tired than before
4)定語從句 1).______________(與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案: Compared with the place where I grew up
2)The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_____________ (我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域). (2007.6)答案:the field where(in which)we can cooperate
5)狀語從句 1) Leaving one’s job, ______________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案:whatever it is(讓步狀語從句) 2)I am going to pursue this course, (無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).(2007.12) 答案:no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語從句) 2.虛擬語氣
歷年真題中涉及到虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下:
(1)(should)+動詞原形的情形; (2)if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句; (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的用法。
【真題】You would not have failed if______________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12) 考點(diǎn)有兩個(gè):首先最重要的考點(diǎn)是if從句的虛擬語氣考查;根據(jù)語法規(guī)定,如果主句中出現(xiàn)would +have的 形式,從句中應(yīng)該采用had+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu);第二 是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表達(dá)為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達(dá),兩者選其一就可以;注意很多學(xué)生出現(xiàn)遺漏主語you,造成不必要的失分!敬鸢浮縴ou had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders
3.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型,重點(diǎn)是部分倒裝,即只有系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞參與的倒裝。常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四大類:
(1)否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結(jié)構(gòu)hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than, sooner…than,not only…but also用于句首時(shí)所導(dǎo)致的倒裝。 Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different. 以前我很少去劇院,但是現(xiàn)在不同了。
(2)虛擬倒裝。指在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,將if 省略,把should, had, were提至主語前,形成倒裝。 Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.如果我是你,絕對不會答應(yīng)那么做的。
(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝。為突出強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分而將它提至句首時(shí),實(shí)行倒裝,如: A. so 倒裝句 So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 他工作如此勤奮以至于經(jīng)常廢寢忘食。
B.以某些表示肯定的副詞開頭作狀語:only, often, then Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted. 然后我一屁股坐在椅子上,累死了。 Only by working hard can we achieve what we want. 我們只有通過努力工作才能獲得想要的東西。
(4)在“so+形容詞…that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如將“so+形容詞”置于句首以示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),其后的系動詞be則要移到主語前面,形成主謂的完全倒裝。So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感動得說不出話來。
練習(xí)題
1. The professor required that_____________________ (我們交研究報(bào)告)by Wednesday.
2. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接電話的卻是他的助手).
3. The mananger never laughed, neither_______________(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣)。
4. The significant museum________________(據(jù)說建成于)about a hundred years ago
5. 5.If she had return an hour earlier, Mary_______________(就不會被大雨淋了)。
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