萬圣節(jié)之夜介紹英文

　　在西方國家，每年的10月31日為"萬圣節(jié)之夜"。萬圣節(jié)是西方國家的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。下面是小編整理的一些有關(guān)萬圣節(jié)的英文介紹，一起來看看吧!

　　【Halloween Comes to America】

　　As European immigrants came to America, they brought their varied Halloween customs with them. Because of the rigid Protestant belief systems that characterized early New England, celebration of Halloween in colonial times was extremely limited there.

　　It was much more common in Maryland and the southern colonies. As the beliefs and customs of different European ethnic groups, as well as the American Indians, meshed, a distinctly American version of Halloween began to emerge.

　　The first celebrations included "play parties," public events held to celebrate the harvest, where neighbors would share stories of the dead, tell each other's fortunes, dance, and sing.

　　Colonial Halloween festivities also featured the telling of ghost stories and mischief-making of all kinds. By the middle of the nineteenth century, annual autumn festivities were common, but Halloween was not yet celebrated everywhere in the country.

　　In the second half of the nineteenth century, America was flooded with new immigrants. These new immigrants, especially the millions of Irish fleeing Ireland's potato famine of 1846, helped to popularize the celebration of Halloween nationally.

　　Taking from Irish and English traditions, Americans began to dress up in costumes and go house to house asking for food or money, a practice that eventually became today's "trick-or-treat" tradition. Young women believed that, on Halloween, they could divine the name or appearance of their future husband by doing tricks with yarn, apple parings, or mirrors.

　　In the late 1800s, there was a move in America to mold Halloween into a holiday more about community and neighborly get-togethers, than about ghosts, pranks, and witchcraft.

　　At the turn of the century, Halloween parties for both children and adults became the most common way to celebrate the day. Parties focused on games, foods of the season, and festive costumes.

　　Parents were encouraged by newspapers and community leaders to take anything "frightening" or "grotesque" out of Halloween celebrations. Because of their efforts, Halloween lost most of its superstitious and religious overtones by the beginning of the twentieth century.

　　By the 1920s and 1930s, Halloween had become a secular, but community-centered holiday, with parades and town-wide parties as the featured entertainment. Despite the best efforts of many schools and communities, vandalism began to plague Halloween celebrations in many communities during this time. By the 1950s, town leaders had successfully limited vandalism and Halloween had evolved into a holiday directed mainly at the young.

　　Due to the high numbers of young children during the fifties baby boom, parties moved from town civic centers into the classroom or home, where they could be more easily accommodated. Between 1920 and 1950, the centuries-old practice of trick-or-treating was also revived. Trick-or-treating was a relatively inexpensive way for an entire community to share the Halloween celebration.

　　In theory, families could also prevent tricks being played on them by providing the neighborhood children with small treats. A new American tradition was born, and it has continued to grow. Today, Americans spend an estimated $6.9 billion annually on Halloween, making it the country's second largest commercial holiday.

　　【萬圣節(jié)活動(dòng)】

　　不給糖就搗亂(Trick-or-treat)

　　萬圣夜的主要活動(dòng)是"不給糖就搗亂"(Trick-or-treating)。小孩裝扮成各種恐怖樣子，逐門逐戶按響鄰居的門鈴，大叫:"Trick or Treat!"(意即不請客就搗亂)，主人家(可能同樣穿著恐怖服裝)便會拿出一些糖果、巧克力或是小禮物。部分家庭甚至使用聲音特效和制煙機(jī)器營造恐怖氣氛。小孩一晚取得的糖果往往以袋計(jì)算，整袋整袋的搬回家。

　　在蘇格蘭，小孩要糖果時(shí)會說:"The sky is blue, the grass is green, may we have our Halloween."(天是藍(lán)色，草是綠色，齊來慶祝萬圣節(jié)前夜)，然后以唱歌跳舞等表演來博得糖果。

　　傳統(tǒng)的萬圣夜服飾包括僵尸、鬼魂、巫婆、惡魔等。典型的服飾時(shí)蓋著一塊剪了兩個(gè)眼孔的布扮鬼。在19世紀(jì)的蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭，當(dāng)時(shí)的`人認(rèn)為萬圣節(jié)前夜鬼魂會來到人間，故會打扮得與鬼魂一樣，讓鬼魂把自己當(dāng)成同類。近年，萬圣節(jié)前夜的裝扮已不限于恐怖，而可以作任何打扮，如扮成電視劇或電影明星，以及公眾人物，例如政治家。

　　2004年適逢美國總統(tǒng)選舉，喬治·布什和克里成為美國流行的萬圣節(jié)前夜打扮。而2001年九一一襲擊事件后，消防員、警察等成為小孩的扮演對象。

　　據(jù)估計(jì)，2004年有大約215萬個(gè)美國小孩裝扮成蜘蛛俠，是當(dāng)年最受歡迎的打扮。[1] 在美國、加拿大和墨西哥很普遍。計(jì)劃于1950年推出，籌款小錢箱通過學(xué)校分發(fā)予小孩，讓小孩討糖果時(shí)順便募集捐款。據(jù)估計(jì)，推出以來已籌得超過1.19億美元。

　　研究機(jī)構(gòu) BIGresearch 曾為美國全國零售聯(lián)盟進(jìn)行調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)53.3%的顧客會為2005年萬圣節(jié)前夜購物，平圴消費(fèi)額38.11美元，較去年高10美元，以此推算，美國消費(fèi)者為2005年萬圣節(jié)支出的金額高達(dá)33億美元。

　　其他活動(dòng)

　　此外，還有"咬蘋果游戲"(bobbing for apples)，參加者設(shè)法只用嘴巴咬起漂浮在水上的蘋果。

　　在愛爾蘭，有一種傳統(tǒng)占卜游戲，參加者蒙著眼，從放著幾個(gè)小碟的桌上選出其中一只，如摸到的碟盛有泥土，代表來年會有與參加者有關(guān)的人過身，如盛有水代表會遠(yuǎn)行，盛有錢幣代表會發(fā)財(cái)，盛有豆代表會窮困，等等。在19世紀(jì)的愛爾蘭，少女會在灑有面粉的碟上放蛞蝓，而蛞蝓爬行的痕跡會是少女將來丈夫的模樣。

　　在北美，傳說如果未婚女子在萬圣夜坐在黑暗的房間中，便可以在鏡中看見未來丈夫的樣貌。不過，如果她們將于結(jié)婚前死去，鏡中便會出現(xiàn)一個(gè)頭骨。這個(gè)習(xí)俗自19世紀(jì)后期已經(jīng)非常流行，也有相關(guān)的賀卡售賣。

　　說鬼故事及看恐怖片是萬圣夜派對中常見的活動(dòng)。以萬圣夜為主題的電視特輯通常在萬圣夜假期當(dāng)天或之前播放，對象多數(shù)是兒童。

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