- 相關(guān)推薦
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯（通用11篇）
在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中，看到知識(shí)點(diǎn)，都是先收藏再說吧！知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)，以下是小編幫大家整理的新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯相關(guān)知識(shí)，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇1
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.
全球化正在掃除國(guó)界、改變國(guó)與國(guó)之間的關(guān)系。這對(duì)國(guó)家的認(rèn)同和對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng)會(huì)帶來什么影響呢?它們會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)還是削弱?作者對(duì)這些問題進(jìn)行了探討。
In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel
1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."
尋找達(dá)沃斯人
彼得·甘貝爾
威廉·布勞德出生于新澤西州的普林斯頓，在芝加哥長(zhǎng)大，就讀于加利福尼亞州的斯坦福大學(xué)。但別叫他美國(guó)人。他今年40歲，過去16年來一直生活在美國(guó)以外的地方，先是在倫敦，1996年后在莫斯科經(jīng)營(yíng)他自己的.投資公司。布勞德如今掌管著價(jià)值16億美元的資產(chǎn)。1998年，他放棄美國(guó)護(hù)照，成為英國(guó)公民，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在的生活中心在歐洲�！皣�(guó)家認(rèn)同對(duì)我來說不重要，”他說，“我覺得自己完全是個(gè)國(guó)際人。如果你有四個(gè)朋友，又喜歡你所做的事情，那么你在哪兒無關(guān)緊要。這就是全球化�！�
2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says.
亞歷克斯·曼德爾也是全球化的狂熱信徒，但他對(duì)自己的看法與布勞德不同。61歲的曼德爾曾任美國(guó)電報(bào)電話公司總裁。他出生于奧地利，現(xiàn)在經(jīng)營(yíng)著一家法國(guó)技術(shù)公司，該公司在中國(guó)的業(yè)務(wù)與日俱增。他估計(jì)自己幾乎90%的時(shí)間都花在出差上。然而，盡管曼德爾全球到處跑，已經(jīng)做了45年美國(guó)公民的他還是認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)美國(guó)人。“我毫不遲疑地把自己當(dāng)作美國(guó)人。我在其他地方度過很多時(shí)間，但是這一事實(shí)不能改變我是美國(guó)人，”他說。
3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
雖然布勞德和曼德爾對(duì)各自的國(guó)籍界定不同，他們都將國(guó)籍視為個(gè)人選擇，而不是由出生地決定的。而且，他倆都是達(dá)沃斯人，這可不是巧合。達(dá)沃斯人指的是那些每年長(zhǎng)途跋涉去瑞士阿爾卑斯山區(qū)小城達(dá)沃斯參加年度世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇——該論壇始于1971年——的國(guó)際商業(yè)精英們。本周，布勞德和曼德爾將同其他2200余名企業(yè)高管、政界人士、學(xué)者、記者、作家和少數(shù)幾位好萊塢明星一起，參加為時(shí)五天的交際活動(dòng)、宴會(huì)和沒完沒了的認(rèn)真的討論。討論話題林林總總，從大選后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供應(yīng)和納米技術(shù)的重大意義。然而今年，或許比以往更甚的是，達(dá)沃斯論壇的一個(gè)熱門話題就是達(dá)沃斯本身。盡管與會(huì)男女各不相同，但他們大多數(shù)有一個(gè)共同信念：全球化，亦即資本、勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)不受阻礙地跨國(guó)界流動(dòng)，是值得歡迎和不可阻擋的。在他們看來，世界越來越像一個(gè)巨大的互相聯(lián)系的市場(chǎng)。在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)里，企業(yè)尋求采購(gòu)、生產(chǎn)及銷售產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的最佳地點(diǎn)。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇2
4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay entitled "Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite," Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are people who "have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the élite's global operations." Huntington argues that Davos Man's global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeplycommitted to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates "a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the American people."
隨著邊界和對(duì)國(guó)家的認(rèn)同變得越來越不重要，有些人將此視作威脅，甚至危險(xiǎn)。哈佛大學(xué)教授塞繆爾·亨廷頓在一篇題為《死魂靈：美國(guó)精英的去國(guó)家化》的論文中將達(dá)沃斯人(該說法最早在20世紀(jì)90年代引起廣泛注意)描寫成為一個(gè)新興的全球超級(jí)物種和威脅。他寫道，該階層的成員“不要什么對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng)，視國(guó)界為障礙，而萬幸的是這種障礙正在消失，他們還把國(guó)家的政府看作是歷史遺留下來的東西，它們唯一的用處就是為精英們的全球運(yùn)營(yíng)提供方便�！焙嗤㈩D提出，達(dá)沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，與大多數(shù)美國(guó)人的價(jià)值觀完全相悖。后者依然堅(jiān)定地忠于他們自己的國(guó)家。他說，這種脫節(jié)造成了“一個(gè)重大的文化斷層。在種種意義上，美國(guó)政府和私營(yíng)企業(yè)的當(dāng)權(quán)派們與美國(guó)大眾漸行漸遠(yuǎn)�！�
R T 5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not mean erasing national identity. "Globalization can never provide us with cultural identity, which needs to be local and national in nature."
許多達(dá)沃斯人自然不同意亨廷頓的說法。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的創(chuàng)始人兼執(zhí)行主席克勞斯·施瓦布爭(zhēng)辯說，支持全球觀并不意味著抹去對(duì)國(guó)家的認(rèn)同�！叭蚧瘺Q無可能給予我們文化認(rèn)同，因?yàn)楹笳咴诒举|(zhì)上必須是本土的、民族的�！�
6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.
全球貿(mào)易已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾個(gè)世紀(jì);過去從中獲益的企業(yè)和國(guó)家在很大程度上滿足于將世界上的廣大地區(qū)視為自然資源的開采地或成品的銷售地。即便到了20世紀(jì)80年代，資本全球化已經(jīng)加速，大多數(shù)外國(guó)投資仍在相對(duì)富裕的國(guó)家之間進(jìn)行，而不是從富裕國(guó)家流向較貧窮國(guó)家。美國(guó)的`技術(shù)、企業(yè)和資金通常處于這一流動(dòng)的前沿。
7. However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn, have started to look overseas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a "Going Out" policy that encourages Chinese firms to buy assets overseas. Asian nations are creating "a remarkable environment of innovation," says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems. "China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S." That means that U.S. and European companies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. " If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing," says Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. "If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you're in the Western world you could question that."
然而，在過去二十年間，另外一些重大參與者出現(xiàn)了。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家正在開辟一條通向中國(guó)和印度大門的道路——而中國(guó)和印度的公司又將眼光投向海外，尋找未來增長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)。北京甚至提出了“走出去”的政策，鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)企業(yè)購(gòu)買海外資產(chǎn)。亞洲各國(guó)正在形成“一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的卓越環(huán)境，”思科系統(tǒng)公司的首席執(zhí)行官約翰·錢伯斯如是說�！澳壳爸袊�(guó)和印度的工科大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是我們美國(guó)的五倍還多�！边@就意味著美國(guó)和歐洲的公司現(xiàn)在面臨來自海外的高質(zhì)量、低成本的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。毋怪乎這么多西方工人擔(dān)心失業(yè)。“如果問題涉及的是整個(gè)蛋糕的大小，那全球化已經(jīng)被證明是件好事。”貝恩管理咨詢公司的董事長(zhǎng)奧里特·加迪西說，“如果問題在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就會(huì)質(zhì)疑全球化�！�
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇3
8. The biggest shift may just be starting. A landmark 2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.
最大的變化也許剛剛開始。高盛集團(tuán)2003年做的一項(xiàng)意義深遠(yuǎn)的研究預(yù)測(cè)說，根據(jù)對(duì)各國(guó)人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)計(jì)，四大經(jīng)濟(jì)體——俄羅斯、巴西、印度和中國(guó)——在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中的力量將超過普遍預(yù)期。中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力可能就在這個(gè)十年內(nèi)趕超德國(guó)。高盛集團(tuán)說，到2050年，這四大新經(jīng)濟(jì)體將有可能取代目前世界六個(gè)最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體中除了美國(guó)和日本之外的四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體。
9. It's also entirely possible that the near future may see the pendulum of capital swing away from Davos Man-style globalization. One counterpoint is Manila Woman — low-paid migrant workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S. health care system would break down without immigrant nurses from the Philippines, India, Nigeria and elsewhere. Unlike Davos Man, she says, they're not ambivalent about being strongly patriotic.
近期資本流動(dòng)也完全有可能脫離達(dá)沃斯人式的全球化的軌跡。與達(dá)沃斯人相對(duì)的是馬尼拉女人。這些來自亞洲和其他地方的低薪流動(dòng)勞工正在全球提供越來越多的'關(guān)鍵服務(wù)。英國(guó)一家醫(yī)療保健公司保柏集團(tuán)的首席執(zhí)行官瓦萊麗·戈丁說，要是沒有來自菲律賓、印度、尼日利亞和其他地方的移民護(hù)士，英美兩國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健體系就會(huì)崩潰。她說，這些人跟達(dá)沃斯人不一樣，他們毫不掩飾自己的強(qiáng)烈愛國(guó)情緒。
10. Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs a private equity firm in France called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world. So he's focused Eurazeo on its domestic market. "I profit from being French in France. It's easier for me to do deals," Sayer says."It's the same elsewhere. If you're not Italian in Italy, you won't succeed."
也不是所有達(dá)沃斯人都在追逐全球市場(chǎng)。帕特里克· 塞爾在法國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)一家名為尤拉吉奧投資集團(tuán)的私募股權(quán)公司。他抱怨說，歐洲跨國(guó)界經(jīng)營(yíng)中還有太多障礙，更別提全球經(jīng)營(yíng)了。所以他的尤拉吉奧投資集團(tuán)專注于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。“我是法國(guó)人，在法國(guó)做生意，對(duì)我而言要方便得多�！比麪栒f�！皠e處也一樣。如果你不是意大利人，而在意大利做生意，你沒辦法成功。”
11. That may sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city-states. Despite tension between its north and south, there's no contradiction between maintaining a regional identity and a national one. Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel both Milanese and Italian at once, even as he runs a company that is aspiring to become a bigger international presence. The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the same balance on a global scale.
這聽上去也許像狹隘民族主義，但內(nèi)中確大有學(xué)問�；叵胍幌�，在1861年前，意大利還不是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家，而是由城邦組成的結(jié)合體。盡管意大利南北方之間關(guān)系緊張，保持地區(qū)認(rèn)同和國(guó)家認(rèn)同之間并無矛盾。例如，意大利電信公司的董事長(zhǎng)馬爾科·特隆切蒂·普羅維拉覺得自己是個(gè)米蘭人，同時(shí)又是個(gè)意大利人，盡管他經(jīng)營(yíng)的公司正力圖獲得更大的國(guó)際影響力。問題是，達(dá)沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在全球規(guī)模上取得同樣的平衡。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇4
Blue sky mold - creates brilliance
The blue sky mould company is one of the most famous extrusion mould manufacturers in China. We have two subsidiaries of TA mould company and TC mould company, four levels of mould and hundreds of product groups.
Established in 1993, TA mould company covers an area of 30 acres and is located in ningbo city, zhejiang province, known as the "hometown of mould" and "plastic kingdom". In 2007, to expand the company's entry into the world market, we built a new TC mould company.
As an experienced professional mould manufacturer, we have established a unique and complete mould manufacturing theory of extrusion system. We are in the leading position in mould design, thermal plastic precision slow motion control, PVC low foaming technology, WPC raw material formula, extrusion molding operation technology and so on.
Many of the mould products we have developed are widely used in construction materials, decoration, packaging and other industries, including daily necessities.
We are committed to creating brilliance in every field. In order to achieve such a goal, we work closely with our customers and work together to meet customer requirements with the most competitive price and optimal quality.
We are proud to be able to provide expert support and advice to our clients and to provide solutions for customers to select or develop efficient tooling products that meet their own requirements. Our technical team can provide services to all phases of your business and provide on-site operational training to enable customers to use products more effectively. In addition, we are not satisfied with the status quo, we have never stopped the pace of progress, and constantly strive to improve product service and quality.
Since we have abundant experience, advanced equipment and efficient production system, our products have been exported to more than 40 countries and regions, including Europe, America, southeast Asia and central Asia. We will try our best to provide the best extrusion mould and all-round technical support to our customers all over the world.
We are willing to join hands with you to create a brilliant future!
藍(lán)天模具——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造輝煌
藍(lán)天模具公司是中國(guó)最著名的擠壓式模具生產(chǎn)廠家之一。我們擁有TA 模具公司和TC 模具公司兩家分公司、四個(gè)級(jí)別的模具和上百種產(chǎn)品組。
TA 模具公司建于1993 年，占地面積達(dá)30英畝，位于久負(fù)盛名的“模具之鄉(xiāng)”和“塑料王國(guó)”之稱的城市——浙江省寧波市。2007 年，為了擴(kuò)大企業(yè)進(jìn)軍世界市場(chǎng)，我們又新建一個(gè)TC 模具公司。
作為經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的專業(yè)的模具生產(chǎn)商，我們已創(chuàng)立了一套獨(dú)特而完整的擠壓式集成系統(tǒng)模具制造理論。我們?cè)谀＞咴O(shè)計(jì)、熱塑精密緩動(dòng)控制、PVC 低發(fā)泡技術(shù)、WPC 原料配方、擠壓成型操作技術(shù)等方面都處于領(lǐng)先地位。
我們研發(fā)的眾多模具產(chǎn)品被廣泛地用于建筑材料業(yè)、裝飾業(yè)、包裝等行業(yè)，包括日常生活用品。
我們致力于在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造輝煌。為了達(dá)成這樣的目標(biāo)，我們與客戶緊密合作，共同努力，以最具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格、最優(yōu)的品質(zhì)滿足客戶要求。
能夠?yàn)榭蛻籼峁⿲＜抑С峙c建議，并為客戶選擇或開發(fā)符合自身要求的高效的.模具產(chǎn)品提供解決方案，我們感到很自豪。我們的技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠?yàn)槟鷺I(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)階段提供服務(wù)，并為客戶提供現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作培訓(xùn)，以使客戶能夠更有效地使用產(chǎn)品。除此之外，我們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀，從未停止過前進(jìn)的腳步，不斷追求提高產(chǎn)品服務(wù)與質(zhì)量。
由于我們有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、先進(jìn)的設(shè)備和高效的生產(chǎn)體系，我們的產(chǎn)品已出口40 多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，包括歐洲、美洲、東南亞和中亞等。我們將盡力為全球的客戶提供中國(guó)最好的擠壓式模具和全方位的技術(shù)支持。
我們?cè)负湍鷶y手共創(chuàng)燦爛美好的明天！
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇5
Computer aided design
Computer aided design (CAD) is the use of computer technology to assist in design, especially for drawing of parts or products. Nowadays, CAD is a very important technology, because compared to manual mapping, it greatly improves work efficiency. There are many advantages to using CAD, such as reducing product development cost, shortening design cycle, etc. CAD allows the designer to design and refine the work on the screen, print it out, or store it for future editing, saving the drawing time.
There are several types of CAD. Each requires the operator to think differently, and he has to think about how to use these types and how to design the virtual components in different ways.
Low-end two-dimensional systems have many sources. Thus, in the design process of the final drawing, because of the need to adjust at any time, avoid the trouble of hand-drawing drawings in scope and layout, and provide a new path. With their help, designers don't have to worry about the scope and layout of the drawings.
The three-dimensional frame is basically an extension of two-dimensional drawing. Each line has to be added by hand. The final product has no quality attributes associated with it, nor does it directly add features. Creating three-dimensional entities is akin to controlling objects in the real world. The basic three-dimensional geometry model can be added or subtracted from the physical product, just like a combination or cutting of a real object. Two dimensional projection views can be easily generated from these models.
Three-dimensional parametric entity modeling requires operators to use the so-called "design concept". The objects and features of creation can be adjusted. Future changes are simple, difficult, or almost impossible, depending on how the original parts are created. If you want to from parts center to locate a particular characteristics, so the operator is from the center of the model to locate it, and may not be like when using the entity modeling, from a close edge or any point to locate. Parametric entity modeling requires the operator to consider the consequences of the behavior.
In principle, the entire design process can be used for CAD, but in fact, it has a limited role in the initial stage, because the bulk of the design is sketching. Several newly developed software can be used in the early stages of design. But how they work, and how wide they are, remains to be seen.
計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)
計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（CAD）就是運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)加以輔助，特別是對(duì)部件或產(chǎn)品的繪圖進(jìn)行輔助。如今，CAD 已是一項(xiàng)非常重要的技術(shù)，因?yàn)橄噍^于手工制圖，它大大提高了工作效率。使用CAD 有諸多益處，如降低產(chǎn)品開發(fā)成本、縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期等。CAD 使設(shè)計(jì)者能在屏幕上設(shè)計(jì)、完善作品，將它打印出來，或儲(chǔ)存起來以便將來編輯，節(jié)省了制圖的時(shí)間。
CAD 分幾個(gè)種類。每一種都要求操作者進(jìn)行不同的思考，他得考慮要怎樣運(yùn)用這些類型，并以怎樣不同的方式來設(shè)計(jì)虛擬元件。
低端的二維系統(tǒng)有很多源程序。這樣，在最終圖紙的設(shè)計(jì)過程中由于可以隨時(shí)按要求調(diào)整，就避免了手繪圖紙?jiān)诜秶筒季稚系穆闊峁┝艘环N新的'路徑。有了它們的幫助，設(shè)計(jì)者就不必?fù)?dān)心圖紙的范圍和布局。
三維線框基本上是二維制圖的延伸。每根線條都得手工加入。最終成品沒有與之相關(guān)的質(zhì)量屬性，也不能直接加入特征。創(chuàng)作三維實(shí)體建模類似于控制現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的物體�；镜娜S幾何形模型都可以在上面加上或減去實(shí)體積，就像組合或切割現(xiàn)實(shí)的物體。從這些模型中能很容易地生成二維投影視圖。
三維參數(shù)化實(shí)體建模要求操作者運(yùn)用所謂的“設(shè)計(jì)理念”。創(chuàng)作的客體和特征都可以調(diào)整。將來的改動(dòng)是簡(jiǎn)單、困難，還是幾乎不可能，都有賴于原部件的創(chuàng)造方式。如果要從部件的中心來定位某一特征，那么操作者就得從模型的中心來定位它，而可能不是像使用實(shí)體建模時(shí)那樣，從一條近便的邊或任意一點(diǎn)去定位。參數(shù)化實(shí)體建模要求操作者要考慮清楚行為的后果。
原則上，整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過程都可以用到CAD，但實(shí)際上，它在初期的作用有限，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)大量用到的是草圖。如今有幾個(gè)新研制的軟件可用于設(shè)計(jì)初期。不過，它們效用如何，運(yùn)用范圍多廣，尚待分曉。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇6
China's air compressor market - past and future
As a general machinery, gas compressors are widely used in industries such as petrochemicals, steel, metallurgy and automobiles. Gas compressor is mainly divided into several types, including centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor and piston compressor.
China's gas compressor manufacturing industry has developed rapidly in recent years. In 2007, the 355 companies in the gas compressor industry sales income of more than $5 million last year, the output value reached 5.693 billion yuan, the percentage of the output value in the whole machinery industry is 0.78, 0.03% higher than the year before. In addition, other indicators have increased, such as new product output, industrial sales value and export value.
2009 worldwide is experiencing a severe recession, but said that the industry will be affected by a lot of it is too early, because the Chinese government has taken some effective measures to deal with this problem. China has a relatively fierce competition and relatively low concentration in the gas compressor manufacturing industry. Gas compressor manufacturer in China, mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas, and in the western region (including southwest and northwest) this kind of company is less, where there is a huge market potential, the gas compressor industry can get further development.
In the eleventh five-year plan period (2006-2010), in some industries, such as: petrochemical, chemical, textile, metallurgical, coal/power/oil and localization of large complete sets of equipment for the development of China's gas compressor manufacturing industry to provide huge business opportunities. Under the plan from 2006 to 2010, China will build a number of important projects in key industries. In China's nuclear power industry, for example, five years will be set up more than 20 plant, not only for the rapid development of gas compressor manufacturing industry has provided a broad market, but also to accelerate improving the quality of the gas compressor provides a unique opportunity.
中國(guó)的空氣壓縮機(jī)市場(chǎng)——過去和將來
作為一種通用機(jī)械，氣體壓縮機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于諸如石油化工、鋼鐵、冶金和汽車等行業(yè)。氣體壓縮機(jī)主要分為幾種類型，包括離心壓縮機(jī)、往復(fù)式壓縮機(jī)和活塞式壓縮機(jī)等。
中國(guó)氣體壓縮機(jī)制造業(yè)近年來迅速發(fā)展。2007 年，中國(guó)355 家公司在氣體壓縮機(jī)工業(yè)上年銷售收入超過500 萬美元，其產(chǎn)值達(dá)到56.93 億人民幣，這個(gè)產(chǎn)值在整個(gè)機(jī)械行業(yè)的百分比為0.78，比前一年高0.03 個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。此外，其他指標(biāo)也有所增加，例如，新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)值，工業(yè)銷售產(chǎn)值和出口交貨值。
2009 年正在經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)世界范圍內(nèi)嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，但是說這一行業(yè)也將受到很大的影響卻是言之尚早，因?yàn)槲覈?guó)政府已經(jīng)采取了一些有效的措施來處理這一問題。目前在氣壓縮機(jī)制造行業(yè)，中國(guó)有一個(gè)相對(duì)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和相對(duì)較低的行業(yè)集中。中國(guó)的`氣體壓縮機(jī)制造商，主要分布在東部沿海地區(qū)，而在西部地區(qū)（包括西南和西北）這類公司較少，在那里存在著巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力，氣體壓縮機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)可以得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。
在第十一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃期間（2006–2010 年），在一些行業(yè)，例如：石化、化工、紡織、煤炭/電力/ 石油和冶金，大型成套設(shè)備的本地化將為發(fā)展中國(guó)的氣體壓縮機(jī)制造業(yè)提供巨大的商機(jī)。在2006–2010 年期間根據(jù)計(jì)劃，中國(guó)將建造重點(diǎn)行業(yè)中大量的重要項(xiàng)目。例如，在中國(guó)核電工業(yè)，五年時(shí)間里將建立20 多個(gè)核電站，這不僅為迅速發(fā)展氣體壓縮機(jī)制造業(yè)提供了廣闊的市場(chǎng)，而且還為加速改善氣體壓縮機(jī)質(zhì)量提供了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的機(jī)會(huì)。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇7
1 Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.
即便是過去70年間基本上沒有多少變化的汽車工業(yè)，也將感受到計(jì)算機(jī)革命的影響。
2 The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry.
汽車工業(yè)是20世紀(jì)最賺錢、最有影響力的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。目前世界上有5億輛車，或者說每10人就有1輛車。汽車工業(yè)的銷售額達(dá)一萬億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業(yè)。
3 The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrow's "smart cars" will be sensors. "We'll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act," predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporation's ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.
汽車及其行駛的道路，將在21世紀(jì)發(fā)生重大變革。未來“智能汽車”的關(guān)鍵在于傳感器�！拔覀儠�(huì)見到能看、能聽、有知覺、具嗅覺、會(huì)說話并能采取行動(dòng)的車輛與道路，”正在設(shè)計(jì)未來智能汽車和智能道路的通用汽車公司ITS項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)主任比爾?斯普雷扎預(yù)言道。
4 Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
美國(guó)每年有大約4萬人死于交通事故。在汽車事故中死亡或嚴(yán)重受傷的人數(shù)太多，我們已經(jīng)不屑在報(bào)紙上提及。這些死亡的人中至少有半數(shù)是酒后開車者造成的，另有許多死亡事故是駕駛員不小心所導(dǎo)致。智能汽車能消除絕大多數(shù)這類汽車事故。它能通過會(huì)感測(cè)空氣中的酒精霧氣的電子傳感器檢測(cè)開車者是否喝醉酒，并拒絕啟動(dòng)引擎。這種車還能在遇竊后通報(bào)警方，告知車輛的確切地點(diǎn)。
5 Smart cars have already been built which can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your "blind spot") the computer would sound an immediate warning. 能監(jiān)控行車過程以及周圍行車狀況的智能汽車已經(jīng)建造出來。藏在保險(xiǎn)杠里的微型雷達(dá)能對(duì)周圍的汽車作掃描。如果你發(fā)生重大行車失誤(如變道時(shí)有車輛你“盲點(diǎn)”內(nèi))，計(jì)算機(jī)立即會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào)。
6 At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a driver's face and eyes. If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.
在麻省理工學(xué)院媒介實(shí)驗(yàn)室，業(yè)已制造出能測(cè)知你行車時(shí)有多少睡意的樣車，這對(duì)長(zhǎng)途卡車司機(jī)意義尤其重要。一連數(shù)小時(shí)注視著中夾分道線這樣一個(gè)單調(diào)、幾乎能催眠的過程是被嚴(yán)重低估的威脅生命的重大隱患。為消除這一隱患，藏在儀表板里的一架微型相機(jī)可對(duì)準(zhǔn)開車者的臉部及眼睛。如果司機(jī)的眼簾合上一定時(shí)間，行車變得不穩(wěn)，儀表板里的計(jì)算機(jī)就會(huì)向司機(jī)發(fā)出警報(bào)。
7 Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite contains four "atomic clocks," which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.
開車最頭疼的兩個(gè)麻煩是迷路和交通堵塞。雖然計(jì)算機(jī)革命不可能徹底解決這兩個(gè)問題，但卻會(huì)帶來積極的影響。你汽車上與繞軌道運(yùn)行的衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的無線電信號(hào)調(diào)諧的傳感器能隨時(shí)精確地確定你汽車的方位，并告知交通阻塞情況。我們已經(jīng)有24顆環(huán)繞地球運(yùn)行的導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星，組成了人們所說的全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)。通過這些衛(wèi)星我們有可能以小于100英尺的誤差確定你在地球上的方位。在任何一個(gè)特定時(shí)間，總有若干顆全球定位系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)星在11000英里的高空繞地球運(yùn)行。每顆衛(wèi)星都裝有4個(gè)“原子鐘”，它們根據(jù)量子理論法則，以精確的頻率振動(dòng)。
8 As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a car's computer. The car's computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellite's signal can be converted into a distance.
衛(wèi)星從高空經(jīng)過時(shí)發(fā)出能被汽車上計(jì)算機(jī)里的接收器辨認(rèn)的無線電信號(hào)。汽車上的計(jì)算機(jī)就會(huì)根據(jù)信號(hào)傳來所花的時(shí)間計(jì)算出衛(wèi)星有多遠(yuǎn)。由于光速為人熟知，接收衛(wèi)星信號(hào)時(shí)的任何時(shí)間遲緩都能折算出距離的遠(yuǎn)近。
9 In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car's position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.)
在日本，具有某種導(dǎo)航能力的汽車已有一百萬輛之多。(有些導(dǎo)航裝置通過將方向盤的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)與汽車在地圖上的位置并置來測(cè)定汽車的`方位。)
10 With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. "The commercial industry is poised to explode," says Randy Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp. , which manufactures navigational systems. Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woods -- the list of potential uses is endless.
隨著微芯片價(jià)格的大幅度下降，未來對(duì)全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用幾乎是無限的�！爸圃爝@一商品的工業(yè)定會(huì)飛速發(fā)展，”生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的麥哲倫航儀公司的蘭迪?霍夫曼說。盲人可以在手杖里裝配全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)傳感器，飛機(jī)可以通過遙控著陸，徒步旅行者可以測(cè)定自己在林中的方位—其潛在的應(yīng)用范圍是無止境的。
11 GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called "telematics," which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in California to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.
全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)其實(shí)只是叫做“遠(yuǎn)程信息學(xué)”的這一更大行動(dòng)的一部分，這一行動(dòng)最終將把智能汽車送上智能高速公路。這種高速公路的樣品已經(jīng)在歐洲問世，加州也在進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，在高速公路上安裝計(jì)算機(jī)芯片、傳感器和無線電發(fā)射機(jī)，以便向汽車報(bào)告交通擁擠堵塞情況。
12 On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the "automated driver." The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
在圣迭戈以北10英里的15號(hào)州際公路一段8英里長(zhǎng)的路面上，交通工程師正在安裝一個(gè)由麻省理工學(xué)院設(shè)計(jì)的引進(jìn)“自動(dòng)司機(jī)”的系統(tǒng)。這一計(jì)劃要求計(jì)算機(jī)在公路上埋設(shè)的數(shù)千個(gè)3英寸長(zhǎng)的磁釘?shù)膮f(xié)助下，在車輛極多的路段完全控制車輛的運(yùn)行。車輛會(huì)編成10輛或12輛一組，車距僅6英尺，在計(jì)算機(jī)的控制下一齊行駛。
13 Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.
這種計(jì)算機(jī)化的公路的倡導(dǎo)者對(duì)其未來的應(yīng)用充滿希望。到2010年，遠(yuǎn)程信息技術(shù)很可能應(yīng)用于美國(guó)的一條主要公路。如果成功的話，到2020年，當(dāng)微芯片的價(jià)格降到一片一美分以下時(shí)，遠(yuǎn)程信息技術(shù)就會(huì)應(yīng)用在美國(guó)成千上萬英里的公路上。這對(duì)環(huán)保也會(huì)很有利，能節(jié)省燃油，減輕交通阻塞，減少空氣污染，還可用作公路擴(kuò)建的替代辦法。
Harvey Mackay, who runs his own company, often interviews applicants for jobs. Here he lets us into the secret of what qualities an employer is looking for, and gives four tips on what can help you to stand out from the crowd.
自己經(jīng)營(yíng)公司的哈維?麥凱經(jīng)常對(duì)求職者進(jìn)行面試。文中他告訴我們關(guān)于雇主看重什么樣品質(zhì)的秘密，并提出4點(diǎn)建議，幫助你顯得比眾人突出。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇8
We have all wished, at some time or other, for a perfect memory. We want to be able to remember things in exact detail. It's too bad that we forget so much that we have learned in school and at home. How can we make a realistic opinion of ourselves if your recall of the past is neither accurate nor complete?Yet a perfect memory is not always as good as one might suppose. There was the story about a Russian journalist, S. He could remember long lists of numbers and words and many pages of a telephone book after seeing them for only a few seconds. He could repeat these lists both forward and backward, even after many years had passed. He also remembered the conditions under which he had first learned the material.S. used various memory tricks to help his memory. Many of these tricks involved forming mental pictures. But you shouldn't envy him, for he had a serious problem: he could not forget. Those mental pictures kept coming to his mind. They distracted him and made it difficult for him to concentrate.
我們都曾希望擁有完美的記憶力,想要記住事情的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。 我們會(huì)遺忘在學(xué)校和家里學(xué)到的很多東西,這太糟糕了。如果我們對(duì)過去的記憶既不準(zhǔn)確又不完整ξ頤怯衷趺茨芄蛔齔齜合實(shí)際的自我評(píng)價(jià)呢? 然而,完美的記憶力并不總是像人們想象的`那么美好。有這樣一個(gè)關(guān)于俄羅斯記者“S”的故事。他只需看上幾秒鐘便能記住長(zhǎng)串的數(shù)字、單詞和許多頁電話號(hào)碼簿上的內(nèi)容。甚至在多年以后,他仍能將這些長(zhǎng)串的信息倒背如流。他還記得他第一次記這些材料時(shí)的情景。 “S”用各種各樣的記憶“竅門”幫助自己記憶,其中的許多竅門涉及到在大腦中形成圖像。不過,你不必羨慕他,因?yàn)樗幸粋�(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問題:不會(huì)遺忘。那些大腦中的圖像老是浮現(xiàn)在他眼前ナ顧分心,無法集中注意力。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇9
Iron and the Effects of Exercise
Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researcherssuggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exerciseshowed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in thejournal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
"Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back," shenotes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels."Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers andone in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many womenignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since theirmonthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their riskby rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women oftenrestrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and areliable to experience a deficiency.
"The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notesanother expert. "For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercisemay be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert.
Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, forunknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestivesystem. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.
There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, acondition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in thesecond stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein thattransport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, andout of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised.
"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L.
Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, andif you wait until that point, you're in trouble."However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditionalmethods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein thattransports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a differentcompound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing agewomen are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they don't eatmeat and have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runnershave low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have ayearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.
If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifyingyour diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements mayproduce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.
Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.
"Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' on the label," writes sports diet expert NancyClark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foodswith plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) toenhance the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can deriveiron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron potfor three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times," she writes. And peoplewho are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, sincesubstances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.
"Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up Purdue's Lyle. "Ifyou pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency beforeit really becomes a problem."
課文翻譯
運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)專家經(jīng)過多年的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員，特別是女性，經(jīng)常會(huì)缺鐵。
普渡大學(xué)研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明：即使是適度的鍛煉，也可能會(huì)降低女性血液中的鐵含量。
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通常不運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性一旦開始適度的鍛煉，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象，”普渡大學(xué)羅斯安妮·M. 萊爾副教授說。
她對(duì)62名婦女進(jìn)行了研究，并將研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《體育運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)與科學(xué)》雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來開始了為期6個(gè)月、每周3次的鍛煉。
萊爾指出：“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑的女性能夠恢復(fù)到健康狀態(tài)。
但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低�！�
缺鐵在女性中是很常見的，每四個(gè)十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵，每五個(gè)18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。
而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高，女耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員中，缺鐵者比例則高達(dá)80%。
萊爾說，這意味著 “太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量”。
育齡女性危險(xiǎn)最大，因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)是鐵流失的重要原因之一。
此外，許多保健意識(shí)太強(qiáng)的女性也很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗齻兙芙^食用牛肉或羊肉，而這些肉中含有的鐵最易被吸收。
而且，由于女性常常為了控制體重而節(jié)食，從而未能攝取足夠的含鐵豐富的食物，結(jié)果可能導(dǎo)致缺鐵。
另一名專家指出，“普通女性每天攝入的鐵只是應(yīng)攝入量的三分之二�！�
他指出，“對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性，任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵質(zhì)流失都足以導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化�！�
運(yùn)動(dòng)可能通過多種機(jī)制導(dǎo)致鐵流失。
有些鐵隨汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高強(qiáng)度的耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)引起消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)出血。
運(yùn)動(dòng)員從事跑步之類高強(qiáng)度劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，也可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽悴垦苁а默F(xiàn)象而使鐵質(zhì)流失。
缺鐵分為三個(gè)階段：
第一也即最常見的階段，是鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量不足。這一階段一般沒有癥狀。
到了缺鐵的第二階段，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心，此時(shí)體內(nèi)已沒有足夠的鐵來形成血蛋白分子，將氧輸至運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉。
在第三即最后階段，人常常感到虛弱、疲乏無力、喘不過氣，運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)大打折扣。
“人們認(rèn)為，只要不到第三階段就不會(huì)有什么問題。這種想法是不對(duì)的�！� 幫助設(shè)計(jì)普渡大學(xué)研究的約翰·L. 比爾德說。
“只有當(dāng)你的鐵儲(chǔ)量為零時(shí)，你才會(huì)進(jìn)入第三階段。而你若坐等到這個(gè)時(shí)候，你的麻煩就大了。”
然而，比爾德指出，大多數(shù)鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量低的人并未意識(shí)到自己缺鐵，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的檢測(cè)血液中鐵含量的方法──檢驗(yàn)血液中輸送氧氣的血蛋白的含量──是不夠的。
其實(shí)，有必要檢查血液中另一種混合成分的含量，它可以顯示血液中的鐵含量。
他還指出，雖然積極鍛煉的育齡婦女最有可能鐵含量低，“但男性也并非不缺鐵，尤其是在他們不吃肉類而又從事高強(qiáng)度的體力活動(dòng)的情況下。”
�。ü烙�(jì)有15%的男性長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員鐵含量低。）比爾德和其他專家都說，對(duì)這些人而言，最好每年驗(yàn)一次血，以測(cè)定血液中的鐵含量。
如果鐵含量低，就要去看醫(yī)生，以確定是否該通過調(diào)整飲食或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑來校正不足。
一般說來，解決問題的最好方法是在食譜中增加含鐵豐富的食物，因?yàn)殍F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能存在嚴(yán)重缺陷�！胺描F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能使人想嘔吐，有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)引起中毒。
最好的鐵來源，以及唯一最易為身體所吸收的鐵來源，是肉、雞和魚。
其他較好的鐵質(zhì)來源包括棗、豆類和一些多葉綠色蔬菜�！�
“選擇那些標(biāo)有‘加鐵’字樣的面包和麥片，” 運(yùn)動(dòng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家南�！た死藢懙�，
“這些增加的鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)充了谷物中自然含鐵量的不足。將這些食物與含有大量維生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麥片時(shí)喝橘子汁，或在三明治內(nèi)夾上番茄──可以促進(jìn)鐵質(zhì)吸收�！�
克拉克還建議用鐵鍋烹食，因?yàn)榕胝{(diào)過程中食物能從鐵鍋中吸收鐵質(zhì)。
她寫道，“在鐵鍋內(nèi)烹煮了3個(gè)小時(shí)的番茄汁，其鐵含量大大提高，增加到原來的30倍左右。” 她說，鐵含量可能低的人，吃飯時(shí)應(yīng)避免喝咖啡或飲茶，因?yàn)檫@些飲料中所含的物質(zhì)會(huì)妨礙身體對(duì)鐵質(zhì)的吸收。
“運(yùn)動(dòng)女性應(yīng)特別注意選擇飲食。”普渡大學(xué)的萊爾總結(jié)說：
“如果你在鐵含量流失之前就注意到了警告信號(hào)，你就可以在它真正成為問題之前彌補(bǔ)鐵質(zhì)的不足�！�
正如運(yùn)動(dòng)能強(qiáng)心、健肺、固骨、強(qiáng)肌一樣，運(yùn)動(dòng)也能健腦。
對(duì)動(dòng)物的一系列科學(xué)研究表明，體育活動(dòng)對(duì)智力的發(fā)揮有積極作用。
伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納──尚佩恩分校的大腦科學(xué)家威廉·格里諾說，“很明顯，運(yùn)動(dòng)使大腦受益�！�
他對(duì)老鼠的研究已經(jīng)表明運(yùn)動(dòng)具有兩大功效：高強(qiáng)度體育運(yùn)動(dòng)給大腦提供更多的燃料，而技巧性運(yùn)動(dòng)則增強(qiáng)大腦神經(jīng)的聯(lián)結(jié)。依照某些科學(xué)家的見解，這種聯(lián)結(jié)能使大腦更好地處理信息。
在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠被分成三組：
第一組在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)，第二組通過一種復(fù)雜的.越障訓(xùn)練來提高技能，第三組則不做任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。
“與跑動(dòng)的和不運(yùn)動(dòng)的老鼠相比，經(jīng)過越障訓(xùn)練的老鼠的腦神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)數(shù)更多。”格里諾說，
“相比之下，在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)的老鼠，較之其他兩組的老鼠，其大腦的血管密度更大。”
他說，學(xué)習(xí)一種新的舞步和學(xué)習(xí)一種語言一樣，都能促進(jìn)大腦發(fā)展。
如果這種舞蹈還是一種良好的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，則益處加倍。格里諾的另一組實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示，年輕的大腦尤其能夠通過運(yùn)動(dòng)來增強(qiáng)能力。這組實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，從小就鍛煉的老鼠，其大腦的變化最為顯著。
他說盡管動(dòng)物不是人，但依此推斷鍛煉對(duì)老鼠帶來的作用同樣適用于人類也合乎邏輯。
對(duì)人類的研究主要集中在老年人身上。其結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)常鍛煉能提高大腦處理信息的速度。
伊利諾伊大學(xué)阿瑟·克雷默測(cè)量的結(jié)果表明，63至82歲不運(yùn)動(dòng)的人，在完成為期10周的水上運(yùn)動(dòng)課程之后，聽音擊鍵的反應(yīng)加快了。
對(duì)照組沒有經(jīng)過鍛煉，其反應(yīng)速度沒有提高。
接受運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練之后，人的反應(yīng)速度可能會(huì)加快，這是因?yàn)榕c衰老有關(guān)的機(jī)能衰退實(shí)際上源于體質(zhì)下降。
一些科學(xué)家推測(cè)，除了藥物作用和飲食不當(dāng)?shù)认嚓P(guān)因素外，常常歸咎于衰老的大腦功能下降實(shí)際上可能是不注意保持體育運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來的一種后果。
亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)教授丹尼爾·M. 蘭德斯最近發(fā)表了一篇文章，對(duì)有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大腦影響的科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述。他說：“對(duì)老年人來說，鍛煉計(jì)劃對(duì)維持大腦功能顯得非常重要�！�
許多研究表明，經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的孩子，在學(xué)業(yè)上比不活動(dòng)的同學(xué)優(yōu)秀。
但直到最近，人們還是認(rèn)為因參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)而獲得的學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)來自于增強(qiáng)的自信、更好的心態(tài)，以及運(yùn)動(dòng)后所帶來的集中注意力的能力。
而現(xiàn)在，一些科學(xué)家修正了他們的看法，表示這可能與身體狀況有關(guān)。
另一名專家皮爾斯·J. 霍華德說，新的研究表明，體育鍛煉提高了大腦中某些激發(fā)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量。
因此，那些進(jìn)行鍛煉的人的大腦可能更有能力應(yīng)付各種智力挑戰(zhàn)。
不活動(dòng)對(duì)大腦和身體都可能有負(fù)面影響。
“科學(xué)家們認(rèn)識(shí)到，心即是身，身即是心，”霍華德評(píng)價(jià)道。他說，最有益的運(yùn)動(dòng)能身心兼顧。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇10
Come on, admit it -- you like living at breakneckspeed.
Life in the Fast Lane
James Gleick
We are in a rush. We are making haste. Acompression of time characterizes many of ourlives. As time-use researchers look around, they seea rushing and scurrying everywhere. Sometimesculture resembles "one big stomped anthill," sayJohn P. Robinson and Geoffrey Godbey in their bookTime for Life.
Instantaneity rules. Pollsters use electronic devices during political speeches to measureopinions on the wing, before they have been fully formed; fast-food restaurants add expresslanes. Even reading to children is under pressure. The volume One-Minute Bedtime Storiesconsists of traditional stories that can be read by a busy parent in only one minute.
There are places and objects that signify impatience. The door-close button in elevators, sooften a placebo used to distract riders to whom ten seconds seems an eternity. Speed-dialbuttons on telephones. Remote controls, which have caused an acceleration in the pace offilms and television commercials.
Time is a gentle deity, said Sophocles. Perhaps it was, for him. These days it cracks the whip.() We humans have chosen speed, and we thrive on it -- more than we generally admit. Ourability to work and play fast gives us power. It thrills us.
And if haste is the accelerator pedal, multitasking is overdrive. These days it is possible todrive, eat, listen to a book and talk on the phone -- all at once, if you dare. David Feldman, inNew York, schedules his tooth flossing to coincide with his regular browsing of onlinediscussion groups. He has learned to hit PageDown with his pinkie. Mike Holderness, in London, watches TV with captioning so that he can keep the sound off and listen to the unrelated musicof his choice. An entire class of technologies is dedicated to the furtherance of multitasking. Car phones. Bookstands on exercise machines. Waterproof shower radios.
Not so long ago, for most people, listening to the radio was a single task activity. Now it is rarefor a person to listen to the radio and do nothing else.
Even TV has lost its command of our foreground. In so many households the TV just stays on, like a noisy light bulb, while the life of the family passes back and forth in its shimmering glow.
A sense of well-being comes with this saturation of parallel pathways in the brain. We choosemania over boredom every time. "Humans have never, ever opted for slower," points out thehistorian Stephen Kern.
We catch the fever -- and the fever feels good. We live in the buzz. "It has gotten to the pointwhere my days, crammed with all sorts of activities, feel like an Olympic endurance event: theeverydayathon," confesses Jay Walljasper in the Utne Reader.
All humanity has not succumbed equally, of course. If you make haste, you probably make itin the technology-driven world. Sociologists have also found that increasing wealth andincreasing education bring a sense of tension about time. We believe that we possess too littleof it. No wonder Ivan Seidenberg, an American telecommunications executive, jokes about themythical DayDoubler program his customers seem to want: "Using sophisticated time-mapping and compression techniques, DayDoubler gives you access to hours each and everyday. At the higher numbers DayDoubler becomes less stable, and you run the risk of atemporal crash in which everything from the beginning of time to the present could crashdown around you, sucking you into a suspended time zone."
Our culture views time as a thing to hoard and protect. Timesaving is the subject to scores ofbooks with titles like Streamlining Your Life; Take Your Time; More Hours in My Day. Marketersanticipate our desire to save time, and respond with fast ovens, quick playback, quickfreezing and fast credit.
We have all these ways to "save time," but what does that concept really mean? Doestimesaving mean getting more done? If so, does talking on a cellular phone at the beach savetime or waste it? If you can choose between a 30-minute train ride, during which you can read, and a 20-minute drive, during which you cannot, does the drive save ten minutes? Does itmake sense to say that driving saves ten minutes from your travel budget while removing tenminutes from your reading budget?
These questions have no answer. They depend on a concept that is ill formed: the very idea oftimesaving. Some of us say we want to save time when really we just want to do more -- andfaster. It might be simplest to recognise that there is time and we make choices about how tospend it, how to spare it, how to use it and how to fill it.
Time is not a thing we have lost. It is not a thing we ever had. It is what we live in.
創(chuàng)新大學(xué)英語4課文翻譯
好了，承認(rèn)吧――你就喜歡忙得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)。
人在快車道
詹姆斯·格利克
我們東奔西忙。我們急急匆匆。時(shí)間緊迫是我們?cè)S多人的生活特點(diǎn)。時(shí)間利用研究者環(huán)顧四周，只見人人忙亂，處處步履匆匆。有時(shí)文明就像是“一個(gè)被踩癟的大蟻�！保s翰·P·魯賓遜和杰弗里·戈德比在《生活時(shí)間》一書中寫道。
即時(shí)行為主宰著一切。人們發(fā)表政治演說時(shí)，聽眾尚未形成看法，民意調(diào)查人員就利用電子裝置進(jìn)行當(dāng)場(chǎng)測(cè)定;快餐店增設(shè)了快速通道。甚至給孩子念故事也得趕時(shí)間�！兑环昼娕R睡前的故事》一書收的都是讓忙碌的家長(zhǎng)僅用一分鐘就能講完的老故事。
許多場(chǎng)所和物件都表明人們有急躁情緒。電梯里的關(guān)門按鈕常常起心理安慰作用，好讓那些連秒鐘都覺得漫長(zhǎng)難捱的乘梯人分散注意力。還有電話機(jī)的快撥鍵。還有可使影片和電視廣告快速播放的遙控器。
時(shí)間之神溫雅從容，索�？死账谷缡钦f。他那時(shí)或許如此。當(dāng)今社會(huì)時(shí)間揚(yáng)鞭催人。我們?nèi)祟愡x擇了速度，憑借著速度而繁榮興旺――其程度超過人們所普遍承認(rèn)的那樣。我們快節(jié)奏工作、娛樂的本領(lǐng)賦予我們力量。我們?yōu)榇伺d奮不已。
如果匆忙是加速器的踏板，一心多用就是超速檔。如今，完全可能做到邊開車邊吃東西邊聽錄音書籍邊打電話--要是你敢這么做。紐約的大衛(wèi)·費(fèi)爾德曼把用潔牙線清潔牙縫安排在日常瀏覽網(wǎng)上討論之時(shí)。他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)用小手指敲擊下行鍵。倫敦的邁克·霍爾德內(nèi)斯看帶字幕的電視節(jié)目，這樣他就能把音量調(diào)低到聽不見，好欣賞自己喜歡的與電視節(jié)目無關(guān)的音樂。有一整套的技術(shù)專門用來促進(jìn)一心多用。如汽車電話。如健身器材上的擱書架。如防水的淋浴間收音機(jī)。
不久以前，對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言，聽收音機(jī)是一項(xiàng)單一的活動(dòng)。如今極少有人在聽收音機(jī)時(shí)，別的什么也不干。
就連我們生活中占據(jù)重要地位的電視機(jī)也失去了控制力。在許多家庭里，電視機(jī)就一直開著，如同一個(gè)發(fā)出噪聲的燈泡，人們?cè)谄湮⑷醯拈W光里日復(fù)一日地過著他們的家庭生活。
腦海中充斥的這種種并行不悖的情況帶來的是一種幸福感。每次我們都寧可大干一番而不愿厭倦懈怠。“人類從未，也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)選擇放慢速度，”歷史學(xué)家斯蒂芬·克恩說。
我們?nèi)旧狭丝駸屺D―感覺竟然還不錯(cuò)。我們生活在忙亂中�！俺潭纫呀�(jīng)如此嚴(yán)重，我的生活排滿了各種各樣的`活動(dòng)，感覺就像是在進(jìn)行奧運(yùn)會(huì)耐力項(xiàng)目比賽：每日馬拉松賽，”杰伊·沃加斯?jié)娫凇蹲x者》上坦言。
當(dāng)然，并非人人同染此病。如果你奔忙不停，很可能你是奔忙在由技術(shù)所驅(qū)動(dòng)的社會(huì)中。社會(huì)學(xué)家也發(fā)現(xiàn)，富裕程度和教育程度的提高帶來時(shí)間的緊迫感。我們認(rèn)為自己時(shí)間太少。難怪美國(guó)一位電信公司經(jīng)理伊凡·塞登伯格拿子虛烏有、用戶們卻似乎頗為心儀的"一天變兩天"程序開玩笑：“‘一天變兩天’運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的時(shí)間安排、壓縮技術(shù)，使你天天擁有48小時(shí)。時(shí)間比較多了，該程序就不很穩(wěn)定，你會(huì)面臨時(shí)間崩潰的危險(xiǎn)，從有時(shí)間起到當(dāng)前所有的一切都會(huì)傾倒在你身旁，把你吞入一個(gè)暫時(shí)不起作用的時(shí)區(qū)�！�
我們的文化把時(shí)間看做可囤積、保護(hù)之物。省時(shí)是眾多書籍的主題，如《提高生活效率》、《悠著點(diǎn)》、《我的一天不止24小時(shí)》。商人預(yù)見到我們一心省時(shí)的欲望，于是推出快速烤爐、快速回放裝置、快速解凍以及快速貸款作為應(yīng)對(duì)。
我們有那么多“節(jié)省時(shí)間”的方法，可省時(shí)這個(gè)概念真正意味著什么呢?省時(shí)是否意味著做得更多?如果是這樣，那么在海灘用手機(jī)通話是節(jié)省還是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?如果你有兩個(gè)選擇：乘坐30分鐘火車，其間你可以看書;開車20分鐘，其間你不能看書。那開車是否算是省下10分鐘?
這些問題并沒有答案。它們?nèi)Q于一個(gè)很不明確的概念，即省時(shí)這一觀念本身。有些人說想節(jié)約時(shí)間，其實(shí)是想多做些事，而且要做得更快。也許，最簡(jiǎn)單的是要認(rèn)識(shí)到，時(shí)間就在這兒，我們可以選擇如何花時(shí)間，如何節(jié)約時(shí)間，如何利用時(shí)間，如何填補(bǔ)時(shí)間。
時(shí)間不是我們遺失的東西。時(shí)間不是我們?cè)鴵碛械臇|西。我們生活在時(shí)間之中。
新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯 篇11
Life Can Be Cruel
There will be people in your life who won't be very nice. They'll tease you because you're different, or for no good reason. They might try to bully you or hurt you.
There's not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them, and learn to choose friends who are kind to you, who actually care about you, who make you feel good about yourself. When you find friends like this, hold on to them, treasure them, spend time with them, be kind to them, love them.
There will be times when you are met with disappointment instead of success. Life won't always turn out the way you want. This is just another thing you'll have to learn to deal with. But instead of letting these things get you down, push on. Accept disappointment and learn to persevere, to pursue your dreams despite pitfalls. Learn to turn negatives into positives, and you'll do much better in life.
You will also face heartbreak and abandonment by those you love. I hope you don't have to face this too much, but it happens. Again, not much you can do but to heal, and to move on with your life. Let these pains become stepping stones to better things in life, and learn to use them to make you stronger.
生活會(huì)很殘酷
你的生活中一定會(huì)有并不友好的人。他們恥笑你因?yàn)槟悴煌�，而在沒有更好的理由。他們可能會(huì)欺負(fù)你或者傷害你。
對(duì)這種人你除了學(xué)會(huì)和其接觸無計(jì)可施，同時(shí)你也要學(xué)會(huì)擇友，選擇那些對(duì)你友善的，那些真正關(guān)心你的，那些令你對(duì)自己感到很好的人做朋友。當(dāng)你尋找到像這樣的朋友，就一定要堅(jiān)守這份友誼，珍惜他們，花些時(shí)間和他們?cè)谝黄�，友善的�?duì)待他們并愛他們。
有時(shí)你會(huì)遭遇挫折而非成功。生活并不總會(huì)如你所愿。這是另一件你需要學(xué)會(huì)處理的`事情。但你要挺住向前，而不是讓這些事讓你陷入低谷。接受挫敗并學(xué)會(huì)堅(jiān)持，不畏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地追求你的夢(mèng)想。學(xué)會(huì)把消極轉(zhuǎn)化為積極，之后你就能做的好得多。
你同樣會(huì)面臨心碎時(shí)刻以及你深愛的人的拋棄。我希望你無須經(jīng)歷太多此類事件，但如果不幸發(fā)生了，再一次，除了慢慢愈合心中的創(chuàng)傷并繼續(xù)下去你的生活，你別無選擇。讓這些痛苦成為你通向更美好生活的墊腳石，并學(xué)會(huì)利用它們讓自己更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。
【新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第四冊(cè)第四課課文翻譯】相關(guān)文章：
全新大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二冊(cè)課文The Generation Gap08-13
全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二冊(cè)第2單元課文講解04-28
第二版全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3Unit8答案09-02