大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

時(shí)間：2024-07-31 03:43:27 大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

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　　導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示，下面YJBYS小編向大家介紹賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，歡迎參考!

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　賓語(yǔ)從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　一、在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常省去賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that。

　　一)、對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反)：

　　從句用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(時(shí)間上是同時(shí)的)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)be和were(was)，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。例：

　　1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式knew)我希望知道這個(gè)答案。(事實(shí)上是不知道)

　　2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能)

　　3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鳥。(事實(shí)上不可能)

　　4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過(guò)去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不在家)

　　5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過(guò)去虛擬動(dòng)詞understood)

　　現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó)，他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂)

　　6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過(guò)去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不和我們?cè)谝黄?

　　二)、對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬(和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反)：

　　用wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或would, could, might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：

　　1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

　　我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了)

　　2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

　　他真希望沒(méi)有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(其實(shí)已失去)

　　3. We wished he had spoken to us.

　　(wished，had + spoken)(事實(shí)上他并沒(méi)同我們講)

　　4. I wish you had called earlier.

　　(wish, had + called)(事實(shí)上已遲了)

　　5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

　　(will wish,had + listened)(事實(shí)上并不如此)

　　例題分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

　　A. could have slept 　　B. slept　　C. might have slept 　　D. have slept

　　動(dòng)詞wish后面接從句，表達(dá)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用過(guò)去式(表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)或過(guò)去完成式(表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)。本題后半句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have用的是過(guò)去時(shí)had

　　to get up and come, 所以前面要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以, 選項(xiàng)A)could have slept是答案

　　三)、對(duì)將來(lái)情況的`虛擬(表示將來(lái)的主觀愿望)：

　　從句動(dòng)詞"would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形"(時(shí)間上較后)(請(qǐng)注意：主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不相同)。用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的愿望。例：

　　1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形stop)

　　我希望雨能停止。(事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢)

　　2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

　　我希望你安靜一些。(事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢)

　　3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

　　你希望她第二天會(huì)到。(事實(shí)上她還沒(méi)到)

　　4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

　　我希望她會(huì)改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒(méi)那么容易就改變主意喔)

　　5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)