大學(xué)英語四級語法

時間：2024-07-06 12:23:32 大學(xué)英語我要投稿

大學(xué)英語四級語法精選

　　代詞作主語時的一致

大學(xué)英語四級語法精選

　　each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待.

　　Each of us has something to say.

　　Is everybody ready?

　　Somebody is using the phone.

　　Neither of us has gone through regular training.

　　Has either of them told you?

　　some, few, both, many 等作復(fù)數(shù)

　　some 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接單數(shù),表示某一.

　　none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時較多,但也有時作單數(shù)看待,主要看說話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念, 但none 在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù):

　　None of the books are easy enough for us

　　None of us seem to have thought of it.

　　None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.

　　None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.

　　None of this worries me.

　　all 和most 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞 (all of the…, most of the …), 動詞用單數(shù).

　　由and 或 both… and 連接名詞詞組時, 后用復(fù)數(shù); 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 連接的并列主語, 謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致

　　Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.

　　My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.

　　Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.

　　Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.

　　如果一個句子是由there 或here引導(dǎo), 而主語又不止一個, 謂語通常也和最鄰近的那個主語一致。

　　There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.

　　Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.

　　people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).

　　Cattle are grazing on the pasture.

　　The police are looking for him.

　　有些集體名詞有時作單數(shù)看待, 有時作復(fù)數(shù)看待, 主要根據(jù)意思來決定.

　　His family isn’t very large.

　　His family are all music lovers.

　　The committee meets twice a month.

　　The committee are divided in opinion.

　　The audience was enormous.

　　The audience were greatly moved at the words.

　　有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形, 可根據(jù)意思決定謂語動詞的數(shù):

　　This new series is beginning next month.

　　These new series are beginning next month.

　　This species is now extinct.

　　These species are now extinct.

　　表示時間, 重量, 長度, 價值等的名詞, 盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如果作整體看待, 動詞也可用單數(shù)形式 (當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動詞也是可以的):

　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

　　One hundred li was covered in a single night.

　　書名, 國家名用單數(shù):

　　Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.

　　學(xué)科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數(shù).

　　many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時, 謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式:

　　Many a person has had that kind of experience.

　　More than one person has involved in the case.

　　a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù), the number of后接單數(shù):

　　A number of books have been published on the subject.

　　The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.

　　書名, 國家名用單數(shù):

　　Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.

　　學(xué)科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數(shù).

　　many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時, 謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式:

　　Many a person has had that kind of experience.

　　More than one person has involved in the case.

　　a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù), the number of后接單數(shù):

　　A number of books have been published on the subject.

　　The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.

　　one of those 后用單數(shù). 在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據(jù)先行詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式：

　　Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.

　　當(dāng)one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關(guān)系分句謂語動詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：

　　He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.

　　Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.

　　當(dāng)one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關(guān)系分句謂語動詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：

　　He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.

　　20XX年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(4)

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。

　　6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

　　A all in all B above all C after all D over all

　　all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的

　　in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

　　7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

　　A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

　　now that 既然，由于(相當(dāng)于since); ever since 自從…以來。

　　與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個表達(dá)形式：

　　now that 既然，由于; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。

　　except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。

　　8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

　　A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

　　be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

　　responsible to 對…負(fù)有責(zé)任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

　　be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

　　9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

　　A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

　　regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語境非常有限)。

　　10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

　　A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

　　out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。

　　20XX年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(3)

　　動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　動作發(fā)出者 + 動名詞;當(dāng)動作發(fā)出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當(dāng)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

　　形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

　　第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。

　　20XX年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(2)

　　短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。

　　非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)

　　句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。

　　1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

　　A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

　　perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

　　to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

　　一些特殊的動詞：

　　第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

　　這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

　　注意：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

　　forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

　　remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

　　2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

　　A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

　　offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

　　him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

　　動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

　　第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。

　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　20XX年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(1)

　　非謂語動詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)

　　當(dāng)短語部分有獨(dú)立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。(它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語部分有獨(dú)立的主語)。

　　獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]

　　現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。

　　1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

　　A followed B following C to follow D being followed

　　2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

　　A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

　　call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。

　　獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]

　　3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

　　A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

　　as well as 和(相當(dāng)于and); be encouraged不會考。

　　動詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;

　　been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵

　　短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。