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6月大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷答案詳解
引導(dǎo)語：下面是2015年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷答案詳解，由應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理而成，希望能幫助到您，謝謝您的閱讀。
Part I Writing
這是一篇四級考試中常見的議論文。此次通過漫畫所呈現(xiàn)出的話題computer(電腦)是考生日常生活中耳熟能詳?shù)脑掝}，因此寫起來并不難。行文中，考生應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)放在第二段闡述電腦與日常生活的關(guān)系上。聯(lián)系實(shí)際分析可知，二者關(guān)系為：電腦為日常生活提供了便利，但不能完全占據(jù)人們的日常生活。
一、提出觀點(diǎn)：電腦在日常生活中雖然重要但并非必不可少(an important but not indispensable role)
現(xiàn)代生活
漫畫中是一個人，一天當(dāng)中他無時無刻不在使用電腦，不論是在工作時、在家時、玩游戲時，還是在睡眠中。這幅漫畫生動地描述了一種普遍現(xiàn)象：電腦現(xiàn)在深深地滲透到我們的日常生活中，我們甚至一分鐘都不能沒有它。盡管如此，在我看來，電腦在現(xiàn)代生活中雖然重要但并非必不可少。
誠然，電腦使我們的生活方便，并提供及時幫助。但它并非生活必需品。首先，過度沉迷于電腦對我們的健康不利。我們可能著迷于電腦上五花八門的內(nèi)容而忽略了在業(yè)余時間鍛煉身體。此外，過度使用電腦會將我們隔離在社交圈之外。因?yàn)槲覀兛梢酝ㄟ^電腦與虛擬世界中的朋友交談，所以我們可能不會費(fèi)心去與身邊的親朋好友交流。
總之，作為高科技的產(chǎn)物，電腦確實(shí)改善了我們的生活。但是我們不應(yīng)該在電腦上花費(fèi)過多的時間而舍棄享受美好的生活.
主題詞匯
make good use of充分利用
be fascinated by著迷于
illustrate闡述，闡釋
information highway信息高速
extend…int0將……擴(kuò)展到
attach importance to重視
key pal網(wǎng)友
digital數(shù)字的，數(shù)碼的
be obsessed with沉迷于 句式拓展
1.For a long time many people would like to type…on
the computer rather than conceive of…長期以來，許
多人寧愿把……打在電腦上，而不是自己構(gòu)思…….
2.It is human beings themselves wh0….which makes
the high technology…正是人類自身……，這使得高科.
技……。
Part II Listening Comprehension
1.W：Tom.would you be interested in serving on the membership committee this year?
M：Can I get back to you on that in a few days?
0：What does the man mean?
C.
2.W：We should buy a good guide book and study it before our trip to Vancouver.
M：We could.But they are overprice—d.What about the library?
Q：What does the man mean?
B.
3.W：You took a history course this term.didn’t you?What can you say about it?
M：Well,the trouble is that I never get through the weekly r—eadin—g list，though some books are quiteinteresting.
Q：What does the man mean?
C.
assignments，difficulty和book report等，由此可推測對話內(nèi)容與男士在歷史課上所碰到的問題相關(guān)。男士的話是解題的關(guān)鍵，需要特別注意。
4.M：I'm taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.
W.1 went there last weekend.I found it rather disappointing.
Q：What does the woman mean?
A.
5.W：Winter is over at last.Wiine to put away my gloves and boots.
M：I've been waiting for this for months.
Q：What does the man mean?
A.
6.M.Look,the curtain is going up slowly and all the lights over the—stage are—lit up.
W：Yeah，the play is staring.Oh，something caught my sleeve.Give me a hand please，Bob.
Q：Where are the speakers now?
D.
7.W：You only have water to serve your guests?
M：This isn't just plain water.This is mineral water.this is mineral water from Tibet.
Q：What does the man imply?
B.
8.W：When do you have time to discuss our environmental report?I think we will have to make somerevisions.
M：I'll be free at 3 0'clock this afternoon.But what exactly needs to be changed?
Q：What are the speakers going to do this afternoon?
D.
W：Why is it important to recycle?
M：There are many reasons.Recycling is one way to keep waste out of landfills.Landfills are places to dump waste.(9)But they areunpopular,because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that's bad for people who may build new homes there.Recycling also reuses valuable raw materials，such as aluminum and paper.Finally，recycling Can leave a lower garbage bill. Recycling lowers the amount of waste put into landfills，therefore，less money is spent for garbage disposal.
W：How has recycling changed over the years?
M：(10)Ten ortwenty years ago,you could buy milk in returnable,refillable glass bottles,and many people—recycled voluntarily. Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers.Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in landfills，many city governments now have recycling programs.
W：How does recycling help the environment?
M：(11)Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy.For example，it takes 95 percent less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum.
W：Can one person really make a difference?If only a few people recycle，then what’S the point?
M：If not you，then who?(12)1f we combine our efforts,we can make a difference.Each of us contributes to the waste problem.All the millions of tons of waste that go into landfills started as 32l old pair of slippers， a broken TV set.or a used magazine that came from somebody’S house--maybe yours !
9.Why are landfills unpopular according to the man?
A.
10.What does the man say has contributed to the increasing amount of waste over the years?
B.
11.According to the man，how does recycling help the environment?
A.
12.Why does the man say everybody should make ail effort to recycle?
B.
W :l3)Could you please give me information on airfares from Miami to Bellingham,Washington?(14)We.'d 1iketobuysomehow good flight as cheaply as possible.
M：Let，s see.1 want to advise you to Pay the nonnal one—way economy class fare of$555.(15)1f youcan fly OnaTuesdaorWednesdayand buy your tickets at least 2 1 days in advance,I suggest you book a roundtripexcursionflight.
W：But we may not need the return tickets.
M：That，s all right.Even if you don’t use them，you should be able to save$89 0ver the one’way fare. (15)Of course.I'd recommend early booking.You ought to try to reserve the“Super Saver”seats.Thereare only a few of them and they are 50%cheaper than the others.
W：That sounds like a good idea.
M：Wait，to save another hllndred dollars or s0，why don’t you book a flight to Vancouver，Canada?
W：But that’S farther than where we want to 90.
M：I know，but you can take a bus from Vancouver back to Bellingham and still save money.And if you are trayellin9with children，you might be able to get a discount if you fly economy class.But they don’t getany discount.(15)But to take the advantage of the airline's guarantee fare policy,you'd have to make reservations and pay for your tickets at least 6 weeks in advance.Try and begin the search forable seats..
W：N0，thank you.
M：Excuse me?
W.I may Pall VOU back if we don’t decide to drive.
13.Where is the woman planning to go?
C)。
14.What is the woman’S purpose in calling the man?
C)。
15.What does the man advise the woman to do?
D.
What makes a Derson famous?This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about.All kindsof myths surround the lives of well—known people.Most people are familiar with the works of WilliamShakespeare，one of the greatest EngUsh writers of the l6th and l7th centuries.(16)Yet how many knowShakespearetheperson,the man behind the works?After centuries of research,scholars are still trying to.discover Shakespeare's personal history.It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works.An acting company，for example，could change a play if they wanted t0.Nowadays，writers have copyrights that protect their work.
Many myths arose about Shakespeare.Some said he had no formal educationOthers believe that hebegan his career by tending the horses of wealthy men.All of these myths are interesting，but are they time?Probably not.(17)Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon,a member of the town.council.He sent young William to grammar sch001.Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyondgrammar school;s0，Shakespeare did have，at least，an average education.(18)Some parts of Shakespeare's1ifewillalwaysremainunknown.The Great London Fire of l666 burned many important documents that couldhave been a source of clues.We will always be left with many questions and few facts.
16.What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?
D.
17.What do we learn about Shakespeare’S father?
C.
聽錄音時應(yīng)注意將選項和短文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行匹配區(qū)別。短文中提到莎士比亞的父親受人尊敬，是埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮(zhèn)議會的一名成員。故C)為答案。
18.Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare’s life will remain a mystery?
B.
Almost everyone suffers from a headache occasionally.But some people suffer from repeated，frequentheadaches.(19)A—headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition that couldprobablv be controlled if discovered early.If a person removes the warnin9，day after day，、Ⅳ1th a painkiller，he or she may pass the point of easy contr01.The professional nalne for covering up a symptom is“maskin9
(20)Aheadaches pecia1ist0nce—said,"Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment.Sometimes it iswiser to stand still than to advance in darkness.”A headache often interferes needlessly with normal，happylivin9.The employee with a headache does less work.In a flash of temper he or she may upset fellow workersor customers.causing a direct or indirect loss to the organization.The motherwith a headache suffers and
disturbs the family.She upsets her husband and children.Rest，quiet，and flesh air stop many commonheadaches.(21)Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help.One can often handle tension headaches byrubbing and pressing back neck muscles.Heat from an electric pad or a warnl bath can also help.Becausehunger may be overlooked as a headache source，one must make a habit of regular meals.If a meal must bepostponed for more than all hour，a snack helps to avoid a hunger headache.
19.Why does the speaker say a headache is important?
C.
20.What do specialists suggest we do with headaches?
D.
21.What does the speaker say helps relieve the symptoms of common headaches?
A.
( 25)1f your paycheck seems to be disappearing into thin air,you may be stuck in money traps.But don'tdespair.Most people can get unstuck without going bankrupt.(22)The biggest budget mistake is no budget ata11.As one reader put it.we just put all the bills in a pile，and try to decide which to Pay.As she and othershave learned，however，the money usually runs out before the bills d0.The same problem plagues many whodo have budget.In letter after letter we read，“It looks good on paper，but it never seems to work.”Why not?Often because the budgets are unrealistic.The solution：Make a detailed record of where all your money goesnow：then study it carefully.Look for expenses that can be cut back.(23)And don't give up in the face of highfixed expenses.Many of these can be reduced too. In fact，it’s often easier to save on essentials than onenjoyable extras.(24)1f housing takes more than 25 percent of your income,for example,consider moving toa cheaper place.or renting out an extra room.If utility bills are high，get the whole family involved in aconservation plan. Some bills can be eliminated altogether. When one mother realized that cable TV wascosting her$500 a year.she decided that network TV wasn’t so bad.If you question every expense，you Can
find a few that can be reduced.
初步判斷短文與財務(wù)問題相關(guān)，由第22題的四個選項可以了解到短文以家庭財務(wù)困境開篇，而接下來第24題各選項給出了一些建議，由此可知文章針對開篇所提到的財務(wù)困難給出了解決方案。
22.what does the speaker say is the biggest budget mistake?
B.
23.What does the speaker say about the SO-called fixed expenses?
A.
24.What does the speaker suggest people do to save housing expenses?
D.
25.What is mainly discussed in the talk?
C.
26.particular。
27.automatically。
28.drag。
29.demanding。
30.satisfaction。
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Part III Reading Comprehension
在世界上許多地方，工作和睡覺之余，看電視是最常見的日�；顒�，這是令我們感到愧疚的娛樂活動。美國人每天看5個小時的電視，并且盡管我們知道花這么多時間(36)消極地坐著會導(dǎo)致肥胖癥和其他疾病，研究者們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)對長時間看電視的(37)危害得出了量化結(jié)果。
通過分析8個(38)先前發(fā)布的大型研究數(shù)據(jù)，一個哈佛大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的小組在《美國醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會期刊》上報告稱，每天花兩個小時(39)頻繁更換電視頻道，八年半內(nèi)患Ⅱ型糖尿病的風(fēng)險增加了20%，(40)十年內(nèi)患心臟病的風(fēng)險增加了l5%，而且一項為期七年的跟蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)過早死亡的幾率(41上升了13%。所有上述(42)結(jié)果都與缺乏體育鍛煉有關(guān)。不過，與其他久坐不動的行為比起來，比如織毛衣，看電視可能在促成不健康的習(xí)慣方面尤其
(43)有效原因之一是我們花在看電視上的時間遠(yuǎn)超過我們花在任何其他事情上的時間。另外，其他研究表明，觀看啤酒和爆米花的廣告使人更有可能(44)食用它們。
即便如此，作者們承認(rèn)他們沒有比較不同的久坐不動的活動以(45)確定看電視是否有更高的風(fēng)險患糖尿病、心臟病或過早死亡，比如與讀書相比。
名詞：C)decade十年;
G)outcomes結(jié)果;
L)surfing頻繁更換;瀏覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng);
M)term術(shù)語;學(xué)期;
N)terminals航空站，終點(diǎn)站
動詞：A)climbed上升，攀爬;
B)consume吃，喝，消耗;
D)determine確定，決定;
J)resume重新開始;
K)suffered受折磨，遭受;
L)surfing頻繁更換;瀏覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng);
M)term把……叫作;
0)twisting使彎曲，歪曲
形容詞：E)effective有效的;
F)harmful有害的
副詞：H)passively消極地;
I)previously先前
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
短文評分軟件給教授減壓
A)設(shè)想?yún)⒓右淮未髮W(xué)考試，做完試題后不是上交考卷并在幾個星期后拿到教授的評分，而是點(diǎn)擊“發(fā)送’’按鈕并立即收到一個分?jǐn)?shù)——一個由軟件程序?qū)δ愣涛牡脑u分。然后，設(shè)想考試不是就此結(jié)束，而是系統(tǒng)立即讓你重新答題以取得更好的成績。
B)EDX——由哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院共同成立的提供在線課程的非營利性組織——已經(jīng)引入了這樣一個系統(tǒng)，并將在網(wǎng)上推出免費(fèi)的自動化軟件供任何想要使用的機(jī)構(gòu)使用。(47)該軟件利用人工智能對學(xué)生的短文和簡答題進(jìn)行評分，從而將教授們解放出來以開展其他工作。
C)這一新的服務(wù)將會使教育聯(lián)盟陷入有關(guān)自動化在教育中所扮演角色的更激烈的爭論。(49)雖然現(xiàn)在針對選擇題和判斷正誤題的自動評分系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)非常普遍，但利用人工智能技術(shù)對短文進(jìn)行評分尚未得到教育工作者的廣泛認(rèn)可，而且批評聲也很多。
D)EDX總裁兼電子工程師阿南特阿加瓦爾預(yù)測說，即時評分軟件將會是一個有益的教學(xué)工具，可以讓學(xué)生反復(fù)測試和寫作，并提高答案的質(zhì)量。他表示，相比于傳統(tǒng)的課堂系統(tǒng)——學(xué)生通常要等數(shù)天乃至數(shù)周才能拿到分?jǐn)?shù)，該技術(shù)有著明顯的優(yōu)勢。(55)“學(xué)習(xí)中即時反饋有著巨大價值，”阿加瓦爾博士說，“學(xué)生們告訴我們說有了即時反饋，他們學(xué)得更好�！�
E)但懷疑人士表示，自動化系統(tǒng)比不上活生生的老師。萊斯佩雷爾曼就是一位長期的批評者，并曾多次引起全國關(guān)注，原因是他將文理不通的短文組合在一起，而軟件評分程序不明就里，給出了很高的分?jǐn)?shù)。(50)此外，對于有關(guān)軟件評分優(yōu)于人力評分的研究，他也持強(qiáng)烈的批評態(tài)度。
F)(46)從上個月起，由教育工作者組成的一個團(tuán)體開始散發(fā)反對自動化評估軟件的請愿書，而他就是其中的參與者之一。該團(tuán)體自稱是“反對重要測試中使用機(jī)器對學(xué)生作文進(jìn)行評分的專業(yè)人士”，現(xiàn)已收集到了近2，000個簽名，其中也包括一些知名人士，如諾姆喬姆斯基等。
G)“讓我們面對自動化短文評分的事實(shí)，”該團(tuán)體聲明中有部分寫道，“計算機(jī)不能‘閱讀’。(52)它們無法衡量有效書面表達(dá)的基本要素：準(zhǔn)確性、邏輯、充足的論據(jù)、完整的意義、倫理立場、令人信服的論證、有意義的結(jié)構(gòu)和清晰性等等。”
H)但EDX期望它的軟件能夠?yàn)閷W(xué)校和大學(xué)廣泛采用。EDX提供哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院和加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的免費(fèi)在線課程;今年秋天，它還將增加衛(wèi)爾斯利學(xué)院、喬治城大學(xué)和得克薩斯大學(xué)的課程。總計有12所大學(xué)參與EDX，它提供結(jié)業(yè)證書，并表示計劃在明年繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，包括增加國際學(xué)校。
I)EDX評估工具需要實(shí)實(shí)在在的老師或評分者首先評判100份短文或問答題。然后，該系統(tǒng)利用多種機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)進(jìn)行自我培訓(xùn)，以便以一種近乎即時的方式對眾多短文或答案進(jìn)行自動評分。該軟件會基于老師所創(chuàng)建的評分系統(tǒng)給予一個分?jǐn)?shù)，可能是字母等級，也可能是數(shù)字分?jǐn)?shù)。
J)EDX并不是最先使用自動化評估技術(shù)的機(jī)構(gòu)，這種技術(shù)可追溯到20世紀(jì)60年代的早期計算機(jī)。目前，一系列公司已經(jīng)推出了書面閱卷的商用程序，而且四個州——路易斯安那、北達(dá)科他、猶他和西弗吉尼亞——已經(jīng)在中學(xué)使用該技術(shù)的某種形式。第五個州——印第安納州已經(jīng)開始試行。(54)在某些情況下，該軟件充當(dāng)了“第二閱卷者”的角色，用來檢驗(yàn)人工評分的可靠性。
K)但是，EDX集團(tuán)設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的影響力的上升可能會推進(jìn)這一技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。周二，斯坦福大學(xué)宣布它將會與EDX合作開發(fā)一個聯(lián)合教育系統(tǒng)，并將利用自動化評估技術(shù)。
L)此外，近期成立的Coursera和Udacity是斯坦福大學(xué)教職人員為創(chuàng)建“大型公開在線課程”(MOOCs)而成立的兩家新興機(jī)構(gòu)，鑒于即時反饋的價值，它們也承諾采用自動化評估系統(tǒng)�！八鼤䦟W(xué)生的功課做出即時反饋，這樣一來，學(xué)習(xí)就會變成一種游戲，自然而然地吸引學(xué)生反復(fù)提交作業(yè)，直到正確為止，”計算機(jī)科學(xué)家、Coursera公司創(chuàng)始人達(dá)芙妮科勒說。
M)(48)去年，休利特基金會——由惠普公司創(chuàng)始人之一及其妻子成立的捐贈型組織——贊助了兩個l0萬美元的獎項，旨在對短文和簡答題評分軟件進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。每個獎項的參賽團(tuán)隊都超過了150個。此次休利特競賽之一的獲勝者維克帕魯丘里被EdX聘去幫助設(shè)計評估軟件。
N)“我們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)之一是幫助孩子們學(xué)會批判性思考，”休利特基金會項目官員維克多.維奇克說�！斑x擇題測試不可能達(dá)到那種效果。挑戰(zhàn)在于，這需要人力評分，所以成本更大，而且耗費(fèi)時間也更長�！�
O)俄亥俄州阿克倫大學(xué)教授馬克D.舍米斯是休利特基金會短文自動評分競賽的監(jiān)督者，而且還就這次試驗(yàn)寫過一篇論文。在他看來，這一技術(shù)雖然并不完美，但在教育環(huán)境中還是占有一席之地的。
P)(53)他說，隨著班級規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，大多數(shù)老師都不太可能就學(xué)生的作文給出有意義的反饋。另外，他還指出，關(guān)于該技術(shù)的批評者多來自全美頂尖大學(xué)，那里的教學(xué)水平要比大多數(shù)學(xué)校高得多。
Q)“他們通常都來自非常著名的機(jī)構(gòu)，事實(shí)上，他們給出的反饋的確優(yōu)于機(jī)器的反饋，”舍米斯博士說。(51)“但是他們似乎缺乏對現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中真實(shí)情況的了解�！�
46.
Some professionals in education arecollecting signatures to voice theiropposition to automated essay grading.
F)He iS anlong a group of educators who last monthbegan circulating a petition (呼吁) opposing automated assessment software.The group，whichcalls itseff Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High—Stakes Assessment，hascollected nearly 2，000 signatures，including some from famous people like Noanl Chomsky.
47.Using software to grade students’essays saves teachers time for other work.
B)EDX.the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologY(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet.has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自動的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers,freeing professors for other tasks
48.The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.
M)Last year the Hewlett Foundation，a grant—making organization set up by one of the Hewlett—Packard founders and his wife. sponsored two $100.000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers.More than 150 teams entered each category.A winner of one of the Hewlett contests，Vik Paruchuri，was hired by EDX to help design its assessment software.
49.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple—choice tests automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.
C)The new service will bring the educational consortium(聯(lián)盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education.Although automated grading systems for multiple..choice and true—false tests are now widespread，the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answer.Hasnotyet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.
50.Some people don’t befieve the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.
E)But skeptics(懷疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic，Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several timesfor putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks.He hasalso beenhighly critical of studies claiming that thesoftwarec0mpareswellto human graders.
51.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities.
Q)“Often they come from very famous institutions where， in fact，they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could，”Dr.Shermissaid."Thereseemst0bealack0fappreciation ofWhatisactuallygoing oninthe real world".
52.Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs.
G)“Let’S face the realities of automatic essay scorin9，”the group’S statement reads in part.“Computers cannot ‘read’They cannot measure the essentials o effectivewrittenc0mmnicati0n;accuracy, reas0，ningade quacy of evidence,good sense,ethical (倫理的)position，convincing argument，meaningfulorganization,and clarityamong others.".
53.As class size grows，most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writin9.
P)Withincreasingly large classes,it is impossible for m0stteachersto9ivestudents meaningful feedbackonwriting assignments,he said.Plus，he noted，critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’S best universities，where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.
54.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.
J)EDX is not the first to use the automated assessnlent technology，which dates to early computers in the l960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers.and four states Louisiana，North Dakota，Utah and West Virginia--are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth。Indiana.has experimented with it.In some cases the software is used as a"second reader,"to checkthe reliability of the human graders.
55.Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.
D)Anant Agarwal，an electrical engineer who is president of EDX. predicted that the instant—grading software would be a useful teaching tool，enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers.He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom systern.where students often wait days or weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback，”Dr.Agarwal said.“Students are telling as they learn much better with instant feedback.”
(56)關(guān)于“工作-生活平衡”的無休止的爭論經(jīng)常包括一個給人希望的注釋，那就是全職父親。如果美國社會和企業(yè)不會給那些決定當(dāng)媽媽的未來女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更多方便的話，仍然能夠帶來一絲希望的是越來越多的全職父親會給她們更多便利。(57)但是基于現(xiàn)在的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢，不幸的是，這種希望是被誤導(dǎo)的。
(57)近十年里放棄工作成為全職父親的人數(shù)翻倍的確是事實(shí)，但是這個數(shù)字仍然很小：已婚家庭中只有0.8%的全職父親能夠堅持離開工作崗位長達(dá)一年時間。甚至這個比率中還包含著因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)精簡裁員而不得不退居家庭的男士。要減少社會污名，這個群體根本不夠大，而且需要迫使做出其他必要的調(diào)整來支持男性做出這個決定，即使是在相對短的時間內(nèi)。
對于上班族父親而言，即使是更短一點(diǎn)時間不工作都是困難的。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)85%的新生兒父親會在孩子剛出生之后休息一段時間——但總共僅僅幾天，最多一至兩個星期。同時，產(chǎn)后的女性平均會休息十周以上的時間：
(58)這樣的選擇會影響到那些在組織中希望晉升的人。當(dāng)你離開的時候，其他人會承擔(dān)你的工作，替你完成銷售，照顧你的客戶。這些并不能有助于你的工作。這只能傷害你。當(dāng)然，女性在很長時間的脫崗之后回崗會面臨相同的問題。(59)但是，由于相比男性，會有更多的女性選擇完全離職來照顧家庭，所以休完延長的產(chǎn)假之后墮歸工作的女性所引起的驚訝并不會多于男性。
如果女性員工離開工作而不切斷自己的職業(yè)軌跡的話，或者高薪職業(yè)更有利于家庭生活，她們會得到更多。(60)在可以預(yù)見的未來，全職父親可能會給個體家庭帶來改變，但是他們的存在并不能減少那些在工作和家庭之間被迫做選擇的很有潛力的女性的數(shù)量。
56.B.
57.C.
58.A.
59.B.
轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B.
60.D).
debate[dl’belt]n.爭論
double[’dAb01]v.翻倍
decade[1dekeld]n.十年
percentage[p0’sentId]n.百分比
downsizing[’daonsalzio]n.裁員
absence[bssns]n.不在，缺席
profession[pr0feJ'an]n.職業(yè)，行業(yè)
foreseeable[f。：’si：obM]adj.可以預(yù)見的
parental leave產(chǎn)假
raise eyebrows揚(yáng)起眉毛(表示驚訝或反對)
世界上一些最重要的問題從來沒有上過新聞頭條。農(nóng)業(yè)就是一個例子，(61)因食物引發(fā)的動亂和饑餓是大新聞。但是這些事情背后的發(fā)展趨勢卻很少被提及，即一些世界主要農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量增長速度減緩。明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)和蒙特利爾的麥吉爾大學(xué)開展的一項新研究調(diào)查了這種減緩發(fā)生的區(qū)域和程度。
研究者采集了水稻、小麥、玉米和大豆這四種最重要的農(nóng)作物的大量數(shù)據(jù)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在所有被開墾的土地中.24%到39%的土地在20世紀(jì)80年代之前產(chǎn)量增加，而在20世紀(jì)90年代和21世紀(jì)初產(chǎn)量下降。
此次減緩有兩個令人擔(dān)心的特點(diǎn)。(62)一個是在印度和中國這兩個世界人口最多的國家產(chǎn)量增速下降得尤其劇烈。它們養(yǎng)活自己的能力是保證兩國內(nèi)和世界糧食市場相對穩(wěn)定的重要來源。如果增速持續(xù)減緩或者嚴(yán)量下降，這種自給自足不能被看作是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
第二，小麥和水稻產(chǎn)量的增速比玉米和大豆的增速更緩慢。這一點(diǎn)很棘手，因?yàn)樾←満退臼歉匾募Z食作物，約占人們所消耗卡路里總數(shù)的一半。玉米和大豆更重要的是作為喂養(yǎng)飼料。(63)研究者們指出，“我們偏向?qū)Ｗ⒂谔岣呶桂B(yǎng)動物和為汽車提供能源的農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量，而不是能養(yǎng)活人類、作為世界大部分地區(qū)食物保障基礎(chǔ)的作物�！�(64)該報告對另外一篇新論文更樂觀的發(fā)現(xiàn)做了修正。這篇新論文提出，正如聯(lián)合國糧食農(nóng)業(yè)組織所認(rèn)為的，為了養(yǎng)活到2060年的90億人口，人們不需要再開墾更多的土地來耕種。
相反，它認(rèn)為，由于人口增速的減緩，當(dāng)前被開墾的農(nóng)田也許能夠退耕還林。這是有可能的。(65)問題在于該預(yù)測假定糧食產(chǎn)號會持續(xù)增長.而這未必會發(fā)生。
61.C.
62.A.
63.D.
64.D.
65.B.
yield
aSSUme
stability
take…for granted認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的
reVerSe
account for占(比例]
Part IV Translation
It ls reported that courier services in China will deriver about l2 billion parcels this year，which makes it
possible for China to overtake the United States and become the largest market for courier services in the
world Most of the parcels contain items purchased online. China offers millions of online retailers
opportunities to sell their products at significantly competitive prices.Chinese consumers bought$9 billion
worth of commodities from the nation’S largest shopping platform just on the day of 11th November.Since
there are many such special shopping days in China，it is no wonder that China’s courier services have
expanded.
1.第一句中，“據(jù)報道”譯為It is reported that…�！�120億”譯為l2 billion，這里應(yīng)注意英文中的數(shù)字與漢語中的數(shù)字表達(dá)的差異�！鞍笨梢杂胮arcel或package等詞來表達(dá)。
2.在翻譯第二句時，由于該句與第一句關(guān)系密切，故可以將該句處理為一個由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。“使……有可能”采用make it possible for sb.to do sth.句式，其中it是形式賓語，for sb.to do sth.是直_F賓語。也可以將該句單獨(dú)譯為China could overtake the United States to become the world，s largest eXDressdelivery market.
3.第三句中，“裝著”可譯為contain，be filled with或be舢of�！W(wǎng)上訂購的物品，，譯為items purchased/ ordered online，英語中過去分詞短語作定語修飾名詞時后置。
4.第四句中，“給……零售商……的機(jī)會”譯法較多，可以用0ffer sb.sth.或provide sth.to sb.，即譯為China provides opportunities to millions of online retailers to sell goods at significantly competitive prices.
5.在翻譯第五句時，應(yīng)注意英文中習(xí)慣將時間狀語放在句尾，因此需要調(diào)整語序。如果為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可以置于句首�！皬膰鴥�(nèi)最大的購物平臺購買了價值90億美元的商品”也可以意譯為spent$9 billion on the largest shopping platform of the nation。
6.第六句和第七句是明顯的因果關(guān)系，因此可以利用連詞since將兩句合并為一句。第六句中“有，，的含義是“存在，而不是”擁有”，因此本句最好用there be句型。
7.第七句也可以獨(dú)立成句，用therefore或thus等與上文銜接。第七句中‘‘不足為奇”可譯為It/There is nowonde。that…，其中that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語。也可以保持原句語序，譯為The e即ansion of China，s express industry is not surprising at all.
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