英語(yǔ)閱讀理解技巧主旨

　　主旨大意題主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面小編給大家整理有關(guān)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解主旨大意題的解題技巧，歡迎大家閱讀學(xué)習(xí)!

　　【主旨大意題解題技巧】

　　主旨大意題主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對(duì)某一語(yǔ)段或某一語(yǔ)篇的主題標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。

　　常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有:

　　1 標(biāo)題類常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)題型題干

　　1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.

　　2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.

　　3)What is the best title for the passage?

　　4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?

　　2 大意類常見(jiàn)的主題型題干

　　5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.

　　6) What‘s the topic of the article?

　　7) What is the subject discussed in the text?

　　8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?

　　3 目的主旨大意題

　　The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______

　　這類題通常圍繞一個(gè)中心思想展開(kāi)。不少文章一開(kāi)頭便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是內(nèi)容的梗概，同時(shí)又表達(dá)了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒(méi)有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來(lái)。這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括。每個(gè)段落往往也由一個(gè)主題句或幾個(gè)陳述句構(gòu)成，它們?cè)诰渲械奈恢貌煌�，有時(shí)在開(kāi)頭,首先點(diǎn)明本段大意; 有時(shí)在結(jié)尾, 總結(jié)本段大意。

　　做這類題，首先要找出文章的主題句。找出文章的主題句，也就明確了文章要講什么，再通過(guò)速讀全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在許多文段中，沒(méi)有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據(jù)文章中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面分析，然后歸納成一般概念。但必須注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。

　　A.主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式

　　1?文首開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山, 提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想. 最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

　　例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

　　2).文尾?在表述細(xì)節(jié)后, 歸納要點(diǎn), 印象, 結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果, 以概括主題. 這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫作方式

　　3).文中通常前面只提出問(wèn)題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出, 而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展.

　　例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

　　4).首尾呼應(yīng)?為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題, 這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式較為多見(jiàn). 但前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù), 后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。

　　例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„

　　?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.

　　5).無(wú)主題句?即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒(méi)有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)?進(jìn)行全面考慮?綜合分析?然后找出共同的東西?歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛?要恰如其分。

　　例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

　　Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????

　　A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.

　　C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.

　　[分析]此文沒(méi)有主題句。全篇共四句?只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看?個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來(lái)?進(jìn)行邏輯推理?才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒(méi)有言明的主題思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況?即作者想告訴我們的是?Joshua Bingham接受過(guò)良好的教育?所以答案是 ?

　　除了以上主題句呈現(xiàn)的常見(jiàn)形式外還要注意標(biāo)志詞 文章或段落的主題句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.

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