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閱讀理解1
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear,” he told me. “They were all Jews and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.” As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours,” says Isaac Stern, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance（遺傳） plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
53. Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ________.
A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
54. Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ________.
A. are highly motivated in the education of music
B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C. encourage people to compete with each other
D. promise talented children high positions
55. Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?
A. a natural gift. B. extensive knowledge of music.
C. very early training. D. a prejudice-free society.
56. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Jewish Contribution to Music B. Training of Musicians in the World
C. Music and Society D. The Making of Music Prodigies
參考答案53～56 ABAD
C8 [2013·山東卷] C
You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain－sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(傘篷)built into a street lamp，” he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard－looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built－in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(傳感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安裝) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
66. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A. To predict a heavy rain.
B. To check the weather forecast.
C. To protect people from the rain.
D. To remind people to take an umbrella.
67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?
A. His creation was inspired by an experience.
B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A. motor→canopy→sensors
B. sensors→motor→canopy
C. motor→sensors→canopy
D. canopy→motor→sensors
69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A. Its moving speed. B. Its appearance.
C. Its installation. D. Its safety.
70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
【要點(diǎn)綜述】 這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹設(shè)計(jì)師Mikhail Belyaev設(shè)計(jì)的Lampbrella，它能給街道上的人們遮雨。雖然這一設(shè)計(jì)還沒(méi)有實(shí)施，但是Mikhail Belyaev卻對(duì)自己的設(shè)計(jì)很自信。
66．C 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第一段的“But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella…”可知Mikhail Belyaev設(shè)計(jì)Lampbrella是為了給街道上的人們遮雨的。
67．A 考查推理判斷。從Mikhail Belyaev 說(shuō)的話“I was driving…and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”可知，他的創(chuàng)意靈感來(lái)自他的一次生活體驗(yàn)。故選A。
68．B 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第三段的內(nèi)容可找到答案，Lampbrella工作的過(guò)程是先通過(guò)傳感器(sensors)，傳到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(motor)，再到傘篷(canopy)打開。故選B。
69．D 考查主旨大意。從本段的“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”和“Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可知該段是講Lampbrella的安全性。
70．C 考查推理判斷。從本段Mikhail Belyaev說(shuō)的話看出他對(duì)自己的設(shè)計(jì)很自信。故選C。
閱讀理解2
I promised Michael I wouldn’t mention this until the season was over．Now l think it's time．
Early last season, I wrote a column about an art of kindness I had seen Jordan do to a disabled child outside the stadium．After it ran，I got a call from a man in the western suburbs．He said，“I read what you wrote about Jordan．but I thought I should tell you another thing I saw．”
Here it comes, I thought. It always does. Write something nice about a person, and people call you up to say that the person is not so nice.
A few weeks later Jordan and I were talking about something else before a game, and I brought up what the man had said. Was the man right? Had Jordan really been talking to those two boys in that poor and dirty neighborhood?
"Not two boys," Jordan said. "But four."
And he named them. He said four names. And what did they talk about?
"Everything,” Jordan said. " Anything. I’ve asked to see their grades so that I can check to see if they're paying attention to their study. If it turns out that one or two of them may need teaching, I make sure they get it."
It's just one more part of Michael Jordan's life，one more thing that no one knows about, and one more thing Jordan does fight for. The NBA season is over now, and those boys have their memories. So do J! When the expert reviewers begin to turn against Jordan as they surely will, I'll think about those boys under the streetlight, waiting for the man they know to come. For someone they can depend on.
57. The writer wrote this story about Jordan and his young friends because _______
A. he thought highly of Jordan's deeds
B. he hated to see Jordan do something bad
C. he believed it was time to help the disabled
D. he felt sure he needn't keep the promise then
58. A man in the western suburbs made a call to_______
A. know why Jordan stopped in a bad area
B. get a chance to become famous himself
C. let the writer know Jordan was not that nice
D. offer an example to show how Jordan helped others
59. Jordan talked with the boys because he _______.
A. needed their support
B. had promised to do so
C. liked to teach them to play basketball
D. wanted to make sure they all studied well
60. The text implies that Jordan is _______.
A. an excellent basketball player
B. good at dealing with problems of life
C. always ready to make friends with young people
D. willing to do whatever he can for the good of society
參考答案 57～60 ACDD
閱讀理解-------（A）
To Chinese immigrants, in the mid-1800s, California was “The Land of the Golden Mountain.” In their homeland they had heard the words, “There’s gold in California.” They sailed 7,000 miles to join the gold rush and strike it rich. Between 1849 and 1882, more than 30,000 Chinese came to California. Most were men. They had been farmers in China. They came here to be miners and laborers. They ended up doing many other jobs, too.
Like many other immigrants, they did not plan to stay in America. They came because of their ties to their homeland and their families. They planned to return to China with their fortunes and help their families.
Only a few Chinese gold miners struck it rich. Most picked over the areas that had been mined already. But still, white miners resented the Chinese. Slowly, they drove the “yellow peril” from the mining camps.
By the end of the 1850s, many Chinese returned home. Those who stayed found other jobs.
Few women had come west in the gold rush. The Chinese saw a good business opportunity. They began doing the jobs women would have done. Many became house servants. Many more opened laundries.
The Chinese opened restaurants. Chop suey and show mein are popular Chinese-American dishes. The Chinese probably created these dishes to serve to the white miners.
Other Chinese became fishermen, farmers, and even cigar makers.
41. Why did Chinese go to America in the mid-1800s?
A. Because they could find good jobs there.
B. Because they had found gold there.
C. Because they could open laundries and restaurants there.
D. Because they heard there was gold there.
42. The underlined word “resented” mean “________”.
A. liked B. helped C. hated D. served
43. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Some Chinese became drivers.
B. Many Chinese opened shops to help wash clothes.
C. Many Chinese picked gold around the old mines.
D. Many Chinese returned to China by the end of the 1850s.
44. Which should be the title of the passage?
A. Early Chinese immigrants in America
B. Dream to strike it rich
C. The difference between men and women
D. Gold miners in America
參考答案41---44DCAA
C8 [2013·四川卷] E
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
47．What is the finding of the study?
A. One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C. Fear has something to do with one's health.
D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
48．The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication
49．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A. Order. B. System.
C. Machine. D. Treatment.
50．This study may contribute to ________．
A. treating anxiety and stress better
B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication
D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了人的恐懼與心臟和大腦的關(guān)系。
47．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段 “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.” 可知一個(gè)人的心臟影響一個(gè)人的恐懼程度。故選A。
48．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.”以及第五段“To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.”可知選C。
49．B 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear”可知，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)重要的機(jī)制，使心臟和大腦“對(duì)話”，以此來(lái)改變我們的感情和減少恐懼。故選B。
50．A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“…we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可推出選A。
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