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高考英語短文改錯題技巧匯總
明天就是高考了，今天小編給大家整理了一些實用簡單的高考英語閱讀題解答技巧介紹資料，覺得有用的話快收藏吧。
英語短文改錯是高考命題的必考題型之一，是集多項語法規(guī)則和多種語言技能于一身的綜合性試題，具有題型小，靈活性大，覆蓋面廣，綜合性強，測試層次多的特點。短文改錯試題并不是單純檢測語法知識，突出的是檢測考生在改錯和書寫的過程中，在語篇和上下文理解中運用語言知識去解決實際的語言問題。具體來說，短文改錯主要檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章中錯誤的能力，以考查考生在語篇中綜合運用英語知識的準確性。
高考英語短文改錯的考點涵蓋知識的領會、運用、分析、綜合等諸多方面，考查目標既涉及語言知識的多個方面(詞法、句法、語篇結構、行文邏輯等)，又涵蓋理解、分析、運用和整體思維等諸方面能力。
短文改錯的文章內(nèi)容淺顯，詞數(shù)為100左右，多采用記敘文文體，偶爾也有說明文和應用文。
短文改錯的文章中的錯誤主要是詞語、語法、篇章結構和行文邏輯等方面的錯誤，這些錯誤往往需要在不同程度上借助語境進行判斷，它不僅要求考生掌握好一定的詞匯、語法知識，還要求考生具有一定的閱讀、分析和邏輯推理能力。
筆者對近幾年的高考英語改錯題作了細致的分析并加以歸類后，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤類型主要集中在以下方面。(例題保留原題號)
一、動詞時態(tài)
每年都有時態(tài)錯誤的小題，而且改動基本集中在一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時之間。時態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時態(tài)為依據(jù)。
(1)(2003全國卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized
(and連接并列謂語)
(3)(2004全國卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk
(根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took
(把照片寄給你，應該是已經(jīng)拍好的，用過去時)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷，應該是現(xiàn)在時，謂語用is)
(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept
(and連接并列謂語)
二、單復數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯題的基本題型之一，改動的依據(jù)有：一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系。
(1)(2003全國卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was，根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months
(several修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半，故判斷此處year應為復數(shù)形式)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages
(從there are 判斷應該用名詞復數(shù))
三、句子結構
句子結構方面的錯誤范圍龐大，解答高考英語改錯題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考：1)句子結構是否完整，成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞或引導詞的運用是否得當?shù)取?/p>
(1)(2004 全國卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work
(缺謂語動詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows
(主語是動名詞短語Earning their own money，謂語應該用單數(shù))
(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
四、贅述
高考英語改錯題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞，從而使句子表達不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復。
(1)(2003全國卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should
(并列謂語，should多余)
(2)(2004 全國卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to
(情態(tài)動詞may后接動詞原形)
(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for
(but是連詞for是介詞，不能并列)
五、固定結構(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結構是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習慣表達。如固定短語中的詞不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全國卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking
(enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at
(laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
六、冠詞
英語中冠詞只有三個，從高考英語改錯題的角度來看，只能從以下幾個方向出題：1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。
(1)(2004 全國卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the
(根據(jù)句義是特指這個周末)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一個男孩，應用不定冠詞 a.)
(3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English開頭字母是元音，應該用an)
(4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read. 82. ∧the
(名詞后由從句修飾時，應使用定冠詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China 83. ∧a
七、代詞
代詞不僅要與其所指代對象一致，其運用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關系。
(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代對象應一致)
(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them
(pupils 是復數(shù),后應該用替代復數(shù)名詞的代詞。)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their
(指代對象應一致)
(4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
八、連詞及與并置問題
連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結構是否等同。這兩點是解答連詞及其相關問題的關鍵所在。
(1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and
(從句意可知，此處表并列關系，應用and)
(2)(2004全國卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and
(并列關系，“于是、同時、然后”等意思)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(連接的詞性應一致)
九、易混淆的詞或詞組
易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞，也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯題中不容忽視的部分。
(1)(2004全國卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy
(be easy 非常容易，形容詞做表語)
(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副詞做狀語)
(3)(2003全國卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything
(在陳述句中一般用everything)
(4)(2004 重慶卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible
(作定語應用形容詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系動詞后用形容詞作表語)
以上錯誤類型的劃分不一定很科學，但至少能為考生解答高考英語改錯題提供思考方法。一旦考生認清了高考英語改錯題的特點、解題方法以及錯誤類型，解題時就不會盲目從事，而能做到有的放矢。
綜上所述，要做好短文改錯題，必須明確短文改錯考點提示，抓住短文改錯特點，然后打開做題思路，才能巧解短文改錯題。因此，掌握短文改錯的特點和應對技巧，有利于幫助同學們逐步培養(yǎng)判斷、發(fā)現(xiàn)、糾正語篇中語言錯誤的能力，在高考英語中取得高分。
英語短文改錯是高考命題的必考題型之一，是集多項語法規(guī)則和多種語言技能于一身的綜合性試題，具有題型小，靈活性大，覆蓋面廣，綜合性強，測試層次多的特點。短文改錯試題并不是單純檢測語法知識，突出的是檢測考生在改錯和書寫的過程中，在語篇和上下文理解中運用語言知識去解決實際的語言問題。具體來說，短文改錯主要檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章中錯誤的能力，以考查考生在語篇中綜合運用英語知識的準確性。
高考英語短文改錯的考點涵蓋知識的領會、運用、分析、綜合等諸多方面，考查目標既涉及語言知識的多個方面(詞法、句法、語篇結構、行文邏輯等)，又涵蓋理解、分析、運用和整體思維等諸方面能力。
短文改錯的文章內(nèi)容淺顯，詞數(shù)為100左右，多采用記敘文文體，偶爾也有說明文和應用文。
短文改錯的文章中的錯誤主要是詞語、語法、篇章結構和行文邏輯等方面的錯誤，這些錯誤往往需要在不同程度上借助語境進行判斷，它不僅要求考生掌握好一定的詞匯、語法知識，還要求考生具有一定的閱讀、分析和邏輯推理能力。
筆者對近幾年的高考英語改錯題作了細致的分析并加以歸類后，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤類型主要集中在以下方面。(例題保留原題號)
1. 動詞時態(tài)
每年都有時態(tài)錯誤的小題，而且改動基本集中在一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時之間。時態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時態(tài)為依據(jù)。
(1)(2003全國卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized
(and連接并列謂語)
(3)(2004全國卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk
(根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took
(把照片寄給你，應該是已經(jīng)拍好的，用過去時)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷，應該是現(xiàn)在時，謂語用is)
(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept
(and連接并列謂語)
2. 名詞單復數(shù)
單復數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯題的基本題型之一，改動的依據(jù)有：一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系。
(1)(2003全國卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was，根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months
(several修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半，故判斷此處year應為復數(shù)形式)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages
(從there are 判斷應該用名詞復數(shù))
3. 句子結構
句子結構方面的錯誤范圍龐大，解答高考英語改錯題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考：1)句子結構是否完整，成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞或引導詞的運用是否得當?shù)取?/p>
(1)(2004 全國卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關系詞運用不當)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work
(缺謂語動詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows
(主語是動名詞短語Earning their own money，謂語應該用單數(shù))
(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
4. 贅述
高考英語改錯題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞，從而使句子表達不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復。
(1)(2003全國卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should
(并列謂語，should多余)
(2)(2004 全國卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to
(情態(tài)動詞may后接動詞原形)
(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for
(but是連詞for是介詞，不能并列)
5. 固定結構(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結構是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習慣表達。如固定短語中的詞不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全國卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking
(enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at
(laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠詞
英語中冠詞只有三個，從高考英語改錯題的角度來看，只能從以下幾個方向出題：1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。
(1)(2004 全國卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the
(根據(jù)句義是特指這個周末)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一個男孩，應用不定冠詞 a.)
(3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English開頭字母是元音，應該用an)
(4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read. 82. ∧the
(名詞后由從句修飾時，應使用定冠詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China 83. ∧a
7. 代詞
代詞不僅要與其所指代對象一致，其運用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關系。
(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代對象應一致)
(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them
(pupils 是復數(shù),后應該用替代復數(shù)名詞的代詞。)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their
(指代對象應一致)
(4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 連詞及與并置問題
連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結構是否等同。這兩點是解答連詞及其相關問題的關鍵所在。
(1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and
(從句意可知，此處表并列關系，應用and)
(2)(2004全國卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and
(并列關系，“于是、同時、然后”等意思)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(連接的詞性應一致)
9. 易混淆的詞或詞組
易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞，也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯題中不容忽視的部分。
(1)(2004全國卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy
(be easy 非常容易，形容詞做表語)
(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副詞做狀語)
(3)(2003全國卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything
(在陳述句中一般用everything)
(4)(2004 重慶卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible
(作定語應用形容詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系動詞后用形容詞作表語)
以上錯誤類型的劃分不一定很科學，但至少能為考生解答高考英語改錯題提供思考方法。一旦考生認清了高考英語改錯題的特點、解題方法以及錯誤類型，解題時就不會盲目從事，而能做到有的放矢。
綜上所述，要做好短文改錯題，必須明確短文改錯考點提示，抓住短文改錯特點，然后打開做題思路，才能巧解短文改錯題。因此，掌握短文改錯的特點和應對技巧，有利于幫助同學們逐步培養(yǎng)判斷、發(fā)現(xiàn)、糾正語篇中語言錯誤的能力，在高考英語中取得高分。
高考英語考試中英語閱讀題是不容丟分的部分，也是與其他考生拉開距離的地方，所以切記要多做題練題感。還有，夢想還是要有的，萬一考上了呢。小編也順便在這里預祝將要高考的同學們考試順利，高考英語六六六。
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