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2016同等學(xué)力申碩英語詞匯40題及解析
練習(xí)題一
1. Motorists _____ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.
A. convicted B. arrested C. charged D. judged
[答案] A. convicted. [注釋]be convicted to 被判有...... (罪) ：He was convicted of murder. (他被法院判有謀殺罪。)
2. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.
A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible
[答案] D. flexible. [注釋] flexible 靈活的, 可變通的; We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.
3. Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?
A. in relation to B. in excess of
C. in contrast to D. in favor of
[答案] D. in favor of. [注釋] in favor of 贊成。in excess of 超過。in relation to 關(guān)系到。in contrast to 與......相對照。例如：
1) Everyone in the class voted in favor of the party. (=All of the children voted to have a party.)
2) We got $5000 in excess of the fixed sum. (我們盯定額多收入5000美元。)
3) This appears small in contrast to (with) that. (這個同那個對比起來顯得小了。)
4) I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. (我對那件事有許多話要說。)
5) We must plan in (with) relation to the future. (我們定計劃時要考慮到將來。)
本題譯文：請所有贊成此項(xiàng)建議的人舉手。
4. An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist, _____ couldn't see his work on his machine.
A. however B. therefore C. yet D. although
[答案] A. however. [注釋] however 然而。
本題譯文：早期的打字機(jī)打起字來又快又整齊, 然而打字員不能看著機(jī)器鍵盤打字。
5. We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly ------ what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A. benefits B. guides C. affects D. effects
[答案] C. affects. [注釋] affect (=have an influence or effect on) 影響：The climate affected his health. (氣候影響[損害]了他的健康。)
[注意]affect vt. 影響。effect n. (=influent) 影響, 作用：Some films have a misleading effect on children. effect vt. (=bring about) 實(shí)行, 進(jìn)行, 產(chǎn)生......后果:1) I will effect my purpose: no-one shall stop me! 2) We hope to effect an improvement. (我們希望能引起改進(jìn)。)
注意兩個常用的習(xí)語:1) to that effect 那個意思的 (話) ：She said she hated spinach, or words to that effect. (她說她不喜歡吃菠菜或那個意思的話。) 2) to the effect that... 意思時說, 表示下述意思：I said a few words the effect that all he had told us was already well known. (我說了幾句話, 意思是說他告訴我們的一切都已眾所周知。)
6. I can meet you at eight o'clock; _____ you can call for me.
A. incidentally B. actually C. alternatively D. accordingly
[答案] C. alternatively [注釋]alternatively (=as an alternative) 作為一個替代辦法：If however is used, but is not needed; or alternatively omit however. (如果使用however,就不需要but;或者作為一個替代辦法省去however。)
[注意]alternately 和 alternatively的區(qū)別:alternately (交替地) ：At a Chinese dinner, the guests and the hosts sit alternately at a round table.
7. He has the _____ of an athlete: he really goes all out to win.
A. instants B. instances C. instincts D. intelligences
[答案] C. instincts.[注釋] instinct 天生的本領(lǐng)。instant n. 瞬間, 時刻; adj. 立即的, 直接的。如：instant coffee 速溶咖啡; instant food (s) 方便食品。例如：Spaceships are stocked with a variety of instant foods. (宇宙飛船上備有各種個樣的方便食品。)
8. A university is an educational institution which _____ degrees and carries out research. A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presents
[答案] B. awards. [注釋]awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他們授于約翰一等獎。)
對比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬謝某人, 須加介詞with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他們給這男孩5美元酬謝他把丟失的狗找回來。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (給予) , 答應(yīng) (請求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意給予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 贈送：Our class presented the school with a picture. (我們班給學(xué)校送了一幅畫。) present 頒發(fā), 呈遞：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校長將頒發(fā)文憑。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我們將向年會遞交一份全面的報告。)
本題句意是：大學(xué)是授予學(xué)位和進(jìn)行研究的教育機(jī)構(gòu)�？梢�, 本題應(yīng)選award.
9. The old lady can't hope to _____ her cold in a few days.
A. get over B. get off C. hold back D. hold up
[答案] A. get over [注釋] 參閱III,55注釋。
10. Jim's plans to go to college _____ at the last moment.
A. fell out B. gave away C. gave off D. fell through
[答案] D. fell through，未能實(shí)現(xiàn) [注釋] 參閱III,49注釋。
11. The Department is also deeply _____ in various improvement schemes.
A. connected B. included C. involved D. implied
[答案] C. involved. [注釋]be involved in 參與。Be included in 包括在......中。
12. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _____ know where to look.
A. virtually B. variously C. unavoidably D. invariably
[答案] D. invariably. [注釋]invariably 總是, 不變地。Virtually 事實(shí)上, 實(shí)際上。unavoidably不可避免地。
13. The boy had a _____ escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.
A. close B. short C. narrow D. fine
[答案] C. narrow. [注釋]have a narrow escape 幸免遇難。
14. Do you mind if I _____ with my work while you are getting tea ready.
A. get through B. turn to C. carry on D. come on
[答案] C. carry on. [注釋]carry on 繼續(xù), 參看Ⅲ,28。
15. I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _____ traffic jam.
A. in line with B. in case of C. for the sake of D. at the risk of
[答案] B. in case of. [注釋] in case of 參看Ⅲ,94注釋。
In line with (=in agreement with) 與......一致, 符合：His actions were not in line with his belief.本句中in line with...作表語。In line with history and social evolution socialism is inevitable.本句中in line with引導(dǎo)地短語作狀語, 意為“按照”。For the sake of 為了......起見。At the sake of冒......的風(fēng)險。
16. The finance minister has not been so _____ since he raised taxes to such a high level.
A. popular B. well-known C. favorable D. preferable
[答案] A. popular. [注釋]popular 此處意為“ (=liked and admired) 受愛戴的, 有名聲或聲望的”。
17. It is wrong for someone in such a high _____ in the government to behave too badly in public. A. situation B. position C. employment D. profession
[答案] B. position. [注釋]position 此句中指“地位” (不可數(shù), 有時加不定冠詞), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a high (low) position society.
18. We all knew from the very _____ that the plan would fail.
A. outcome B. outset C. income D. output
[答案] B. outset. [注釋] outset 開端, 開始, from the very outset (從一開始) 。outbreak爆發(fā), 發(fā)生。outcome結(jié)局. income 收入。output 產(chǎn)量。
19. He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _____ from his coat.
A. loosing B. losing C. off D. missing
[答案] D. missing. [注釋]missing 缺少的; a book with some missing pages. (缺頁書) 。
20. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs
[答案] B. charges. [注釋]make charges for對......收 (費(fèi)) ; 索 (價) 。charge也可以用作動詞, 表示“收費(fèi), 索價”, 如：1) We don't charge anything for that. (對此我們不收費(fèi)。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut? (理個發(fā)要收多少錢?)
練習(xí)題二
1. The workmen made so much _____ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.
A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance
[答案] C. mess. [注釋]make mess弄得亂七八糟。Make a mess of“把......弄得亂七八糟”：He made a mess of his work. (他把他的工作搞得亂七八糟。)
2. They have held several meetings to _____ next year's production plans.
A. set down B. make out C. work up D. draw up
[答案] D. draw up. [注釋]參閱III,42。
本題譯文, 他們已開過幾次會議來起草明年得生產(chǎn)計劃。
3. How can we get this language point _____ to the students.
A. down B. round C. across D. into
[答案] C. across. [注釋]參閱III,64注釋。
本題譯文, 我們怎樣才能把這個語言點(diǎn)向?qū)W生講清楚?
4. This book gives a brief _____ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.
A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook
[答案] A. outline. [注釋]outline 輪廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要說明某事。
5. Dress warmly, _____ you'll catch cold.
A. on the contrary B. or rather C. or else D. in no way
[答案] C. or else. [注釋]or else (=otherwise; if not) 否則：Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.
6. Kate's ambition to become a nurse _____ from a desire to help others.
A. prompted B. promoted C. programmed D. proceeded
[答案] D. proceeded. [注釋]proceed form (=arise form) 來自; 由......產(chǎn)生：1) Clouds of smoke proceeded form the chimney. (從煙囪里升起縷縷濃煙。) 2) This proceeded from ignorance. (這是出于無知。)
[注意] proceed 的其他用法： (=go on [to do sth.]; continue) 接著 (做某事) ; 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行; 1) He proceeded to give me a vivid description of the mountainous scenery there. (他接著給我栩栩如生地描述那里的山區(qū)景色。) 2) 接介詞with; Now please proceed with your story. (現(xiàn)在請你接著將下去。) 3) 接介詞to: We will now proceed to the next business. (我們現(xiàn)在將接著干下面的一件事。) 4) 準(zhǔn)備取得 (某種學(xué)位) ：He will proceed to the degree of M.A. this year. (他準(zhǔn)備今年取得文科碩士學(xué)位。)
本題譯文：凱特想當(dāng)護(hù)士的志向出自于幫助他人的愿望。
7. The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a _____.
A. observation B. reservation C. preservation D. conservation
[答案] D. conservation. [注釋] conservation 保存(自然資源等) the conservation of soil and water 水土保持; the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律。observation觀察; reservation (旅館房間、戲院座位等的) 預(yù)定; 保留 (意見) ; [美]保留地：1) Have you make your reservations? (你預(yù)定了沒有?) 2) I will accept the suggestion without reservation. (我將毫無保留地接受這項(xiàng)建議。) 3) The government has set apart Indian reservations. (政府已經(jīng)劃出印地安人保留地。) preservation保存 We must strive for the preservation of our natural resources. (我們必須努力保護(hù)自然資源)
conservation, preservation, reservation從漢語概念出發(fā)時很容易混淆。Conservation是動詞conserve派生的名詞, 與原來動詞的意義相同, 表示"保持、保存”時, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“珍惜、節(jié)用。 Preservation是動詞preserve派生的名詞, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“收藏、保存”使之完好無損或質(zhì)量不變; 常與食品、博物館收藏的展品等詞搭配。Reservation主要指意見、看法等的“保留”; 作“保留地”解時, 尤指美國印地安人保留地或澳大利亞土著民族保留地。本題指自然生態(tài)的保持, 用conservation最切題。
本題譯文：這個珍禽巢居的島已宣布為自然保護(hù)區(qū)。
8. Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _____ charge of the house.
A. take B. hold C. make D. get
[答案] A. take.
[注釋]take charge of (=to be or become responsible for sb. or sth.) 負(fù)責(zé)、掌管、看管; He took charge of the department (or the children) .
9. The child enjoyed _____ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down.
A. adding B. pushing C. piling D. forming
[答案] C. piling.
[注釋] pile up (=lay in a pile or as if in a pile) 把......放成一堆, 堆積：pile up the books on the table (把書堆在桌子上) 。Pile up作不及物動詞用, 意為“積壓; (若干汽車) 相撞”：1) Perishable goods are piling up at the docks. (碼頭上易腐爛的貨物堆積如山。) 2) Several cars piled up after ignoring the fog warning on the motorway. (由于無視高速公路上的大霧警告, 有好幾輛汽車相撞。)
10. John was very upset because he was _____ by the police with breaking the law.
A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged
[答案] D. charged.
[注釋]be charged with受指控犯有......; He was charged with murder. (他受指控犯有兇殺罪。)
11. It isn't quite _____ that he will be present at the meeting.
A. sure B. right C. exact D. certain
[答案] D. certain.
[注釋]I am sure that +從句。He is sure to come. = He is certain to come.但在it作形式主語, that引導(dǎo)主語從句時, 主句中表語只能用certain, 不能用sure.
12. Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
A. opportunities B. realities
C. necessities D. probabilities
[答案] A. opportunities.
[注釋]opportunity常指“ (難得的應(yīng)抓住的) 機(jī)會”, 既可作可數(shù)名詞, 也可以作不可數(shù)名詞用, 如：I had few opportunities of meeting interesting people there. They had not much opportunity for hearing good music in the remote area.
13. The members of the club wouldn't run a _____ in entrusting(委托) the organization to an unreliable person.
A. danger B. risk C. hazard D. chance
[答案] B. risk.
[注釋]run a risk (in) 冒險：You are running a big risk in trusting him.
本題譯文：俱樂部成員不愿冒險把這個組織委托給一個不可靠的人管理。
14. The meeting was _____ when the chairman fell ill.
A. put down B. shut out C. cut short D. taken off
[答案] C. cut short.
[注釋]cut short (=interrupt) 打斷, 中斷：1) He made a suggestion, but I cut him short. (他提了個建議, 但我打斷了他。) 2) He cut short his tour and returned home. (他中斷旅行, 回家了。) shut off (=cut off, interrupt) 切斷, 中斷; 由指切斷供應(yīng)等, 如：The water was shut off for several hours while the plumber repaired the pipes. Shut out (=keep out; exclude; prevent form entering) 把......關(guān)在外面, 排除, 不讓入內(nèi)：1) He shut the cat out. (他把貓關(guān)在外面。) 2) The law was designed to shut out immigrants. (這項(xiàng)法律旨在拒絕移民入竟。) 3) They shut out the dust by having double windows. (他們用雙層窗戶防塵。) 4) They begin to speak French, shutting out the boy from their conversation. (他們講起法語來, 使這個男孩無法參加他們的談話。)
15. John says that his present job does not provide him with enough _____ for his organizing ability.
A. scope B. space C. capacity D. range
[答案] A. scope.
[注釋]本題中scope (=opportunity; outlet) 施展機(jī)會, 發(fā)展余地, 是不可數(shù)名詞, 如：Give someone scope to show his ability. Range意指“變動范圍; 視聽范圍; 理解范圍”, 如：the range of prices (價格變動范圍).
16. I just managed to _____ a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boat.
A. snatch B. scratch C. scrape D. scan
[答案] A. snatch.
[注釋] snatch的原義是“攫取; 抓住; 奪得”。本題中snatch意指“匆忙間設(shè)法得到”, 如：He snatched an hour of sleep. (他匆匆睡了一小時覺。) snatch a quick breath (匆忙猛吸了一口氣)。
17. My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very _____ about the food he eats.
A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. unusual
[答案] C. particular.
[注釋]be particular about對......講究, 挑剔; She is very particular about what she wears. (她對她得穿著很講究。) Mr. Smith was quite particular about my work. (史密斯先生對工作十分挑剔。)
18. I don't think the charge for overhauling (大修)the equipment is excessive in _____ to its size.
A. correspondence B. equation
C. proportion D. dimension
[答案] C. proportion.
[注釋]in proportion to是固定搭配, 意為“與......成比例, 與.......相稱”。反義語：out of proportion不成比例,不相稱。本題稱。
本題譯文：我認(rèn)為該設(shè)備的大修費(fèi)并不過分, 是與它的大小相稱的。
19. Voices were _____ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.
A. swollen B. raised C. developed D. increased
[答案] B. raised.
[注釋]raise (=lift up) one's voice提高嗓門, 高聲叫喊。Raise one's voice against sth. 意為“為抗議某事而大聲疾呼”, 如：As no one raised his voice against the plan, it was agreed on. (因?yàn)闆]有人發(fā)表反對意見, 該計劃就一致通過了。) voice的常用習(xí)語有：the public voice (輿論) , under one's voice (小聲地) , with one voice (異口同聲地,一致地) ,lose one's voice (嗓子啞了, 說不出話來) , have no voice with (對某事無發(fā)言權(quán))。
20. Having lived in the town for quite a few years, Mr. Johnson no longer felt _____ among the local people.
A. out of order B. out of place
C. out of control D. out of the question
[答案] B. out of place.
[注釋]out of place (=in the wrong place or at the wrong time; not suitable; improper) (作表語用) 不適宜, 不得體：1) Joan was the only girl who wore a formal at the party, and she felt out of place. (=She felt embarrassed because her dress was not suitable for the party.) 2) It was out of place for Russell to laugh at the old lady. (=It was not proper; she should not have done it.) 此外,out of place (=not in the right usual place or position) (作狀語用) 不在原來通常的地方：Helen fell and knocked one of her teeth out of place. Out of order 發(fā)生故障; 失調(diào)。Out of control 失去控制。Out of the question 不可能的。
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