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怎樣做好英文Presentation
在學(xué)習(xí)與工作中,經(jīng)常需要我們用英文做一些主題展示,或表達(dá)思想,或介紹經(jīng)驗,或推廣品牌... ... Presentation既像演講,又不同于演講,同在于都需要良好的語言組織能力和表達(dá)溝通技巧,異在于,相比于演講的某些渲染效果,Presentation對于信息傳達(dá)的精準(zhǔn)性和簡潔性要求更高,目的性更強(qiáng),往往還會借助PPT這一媒介。因此,不論是在課堂還是工作中,能做好一個英文Presentation的能力都極為重要。
Language 語言篇
先說一點和語言不太相關(guān)的,畢竟聲音對于語言的傳達(dá)效果也有很大的影響。在做presentation時,最基本的要求是要讓觀眾聽清,特別是在背過身去時。除此之外,還要注意聲音的變化,以吸引觀眾的注意。聲音主要可以通過以下三個方面變化:
Speed語速
在講話的過程中,適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整語速,或者做適當(dāng)?shù)耐nD可以很好的吸引觀眾。
Intonation音調(diào)
高昂和低沉的音調(diào)可以產(chǎn)生不同的強(qiáng)調(diào)效果
Volume音量
回想上課時,老師突然提高的音量是不是立刻給你提神?
接下來,咱們進(jìn)入正題,談一談英文Presentation的語言
1. Simplicity and Clarity 簡潔明了
Use short words and short sentences.
雖然在寫作中老師常常鼓勵我們用長難句,但是在注重效率的presentation中,應(yīng)該多用清楚明白的短句和易懂的單詞。
Do not use jargon, unless you are certain that your audience understands it.
除非你確定面向的觀眾是內(nèi)行人,否則慎用行業(yè)術(shù)語。
In general, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas.
總體上,多用使用具體的例子,少說抽象空洞的觀點。
Use active verbs instead of passive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand.
這一點大家要注意:多用主動語態(tài),這更有利于觀眾理解。
大家比較一下下面兩個句子:
Toyota sold nine million vehicles last year.
Nine million vehicles were sold by Toyota last year.
第一句主動語態(tài)更好理解。當(dāng)然,如果上述例子里發(fā)言者想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是數(shù)量之大,第二個句子更合適,我們這里介紹的一般情況。
不過英語君提醒一下大家,在正規(guī)語體的寫作中,比如邀請函,會議通知,被動語態(tài)會顯得更加正式。
2. Signposting 指示語
Signpost本意是路標(biāo),這里的意思是發(fā)言者要使用特定的指示性詞語來提示觀眾講到了哪里,接下來講什么。這在presentation的語言中是非常重要的一環(huán),可以幫助觀眾理清框架。那么,有哪些指示語呢?
首先,在開頭,要告訴觀眾演講內(nèi)容的框架,可以使用這樣的句式:
I'll start by ...(A)... Then I’ll move on to ...(B)... After that I’ll consider ...(C)... Lastly I’ll quickly recap before concluding with ...(D)...
這樣,觀眾就會理出如下框架:
Beginning:
1.Welcome
2.Introduction of Structure (now)
Body
1.A
2.B
3.C
Conclusion
1.Summing up
2.D
接下來,在演講過程中,如果你想從上述的一點切換到另一點,可以用以下句式:
That's all I have to say about ...(A)... Let's turn now to ...(B)...
如果講完了全部主干內(nèi)容,準(zhǔn)備總結(jié)以上內(nèi)容,可以說:
Well, we've looked at the A, B and C, I'd like to sum up now.
總結(jié)完后,想要給出結(jié)論,可以說:
What does all this mean for us? Well, I’d like to say/recommend/suggest that...
接下來,英語君為大家貼出在各種情況下常用的signpost,學(xué)起來:
Introducing the subject 介紹話題
I'd like to start by...
Let's begin by...
First of all, I'll...
Starting with...
I'll begin by...
Finishing one subject 結(jié)束話題
Well, I've told you about...
That's all I have to say about...
We've looked at...
So much for...
starting another 開啟另一話題
Now we'll move on to...
Let me turn now to...
Next...
Turning to...
I'd like now to discuss...
Let's look now at...
Analyzing a point and giving recommendations 分析觀點,給出建議
Where does that lead us?
Let's consider this in more detail...
What does this mean for ABC?
Translated into real terms...
Giving an example 舉例子
For example,...
A good example of this is...
As an illustration,...
To give you an example,...
To illustrate this point...
Dealing with questions 應(yīng)對觀眾提問
We'll be examining this point in more detail later on...
I'd like to deal with this question later, if I may...
I'll come back to this question later in my talk...
Perhaps you'd like to raise this point at the end...
I won't comment on this now...
Summarizing and concluding 概括與總結(jié)
In conclusion,...
Right, let's sum up, shall we?
I'd like now to recap...
Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at...
Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...
If I can just sum up the main points...
Ordering 列觀點
Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
First of all...then...next...after that...finally...
To start with...later...to finish up...
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