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關(guān)于品讀小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
英語(yǔ)考試中,學(xué)生常常因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)知識(shí)的不牢固而失分,甚至影響到自己升入理想的初中,2017考試在即,網(wǎng)整理了英語(yǔ)練習(xí)題,供大家數(shù)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)。一.名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格
一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以f或fe結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
二)名詞的格
1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
? 并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個(gè)名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
? 要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
2)表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞通常用 of +名詞來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:
1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開(kāi)頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
2)定冠詞:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠詞的用法:
1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.
5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況:
1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
2)名詞前有定語(yǔ):this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
6)球類 棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但樂(lè)器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
三、代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞
人稱代詞 物主代詞
主格 賓格
第一
人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的)
復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)
第二
人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的)
復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)
第三
人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)
四、形容詞,副詞:比較級(jí),最高級(jí)
一)、形容詞的比較級(jí)
1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用:兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí),比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a
little來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語(yǔ)中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:
、 一般在詞尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
、 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí):
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二)副詞的比較級(jí)
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動(dòng)用副,有副用動(dòng))
、旁诰渥又行稳菰~一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后
、聘痹~在句子中最常見(jiàn)的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后
2.副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同 (不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)
五 數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞
1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
2)21-99 先說(shuō)幾十,再說(shuō)幾,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→
eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
3)101—999先說(shuō)幾百,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè),,第一個(gè),前為thousand.第二個(gè),前為million,第三個(gè)
,前為billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序數(shù)詞
1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
4)從二十一后的幾十幾直至幾百幾十幾或幾千幾百幾十幾只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣:
基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty將y變成i,th前面有個(gè)e.
若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來(lái)后用序。
六、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于在周末的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個(gè)周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說(shuō)at Christmas而不說(shuō)on Christmas
2)在(剛……)的時(shí)候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。
3.in
1)表示時(shí)段、時(shí)期,在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,
the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
七、動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài):
1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。
2. 行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
、 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如lived , danced , used
、 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如study – studied carry – carried worry –
worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
、 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read
,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose
– lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
3)一般將來(lái)時(shí):
基本結(jié)構(gòu): ①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
、 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
、 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
、 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
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