英語公眾演講的技巧學(xué)習(xí)
篇一:英語公眾演講技巧
Public Speaking Skills - How To Persuade People Persuasion is the key to accomplishment, not only for politicians or stockbrokers(股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人), but for everyone of us. In a job interview, you have to persuade your interviewers why they should hire you and not the other candidates. In a classroom presentation, you have to convince your classmates and professor to believe that what you are talking about is worth listening to, and your hard work deserves a good grade. In a workplace, you need to be able to pitch your ideas persuasively in order to prosper (繁榮,昌盛;成功)in your career. If you look at highly successful people, you will see that they are not only hard workers and creative thinkers, but also great persuaders.
In public speaking, it all comes down to this question: how can you win over your audience? And the answer is one word: CREDIBILITY.
Imagine Bill Gates saying the following hypothetical sentences:
"Within ten years, all laptop computers will also be used as televisions. The televisions we use nowadays will turn into something completely old-fashioned."
Now imagine Britney Spears saying the same thing. You would probably nod at Gates and shrug(聳肩) at Spears, right? You would choose to trust his judgment rather than hers because you know that he is a guru(領(lǐng)袖,專家)of the computer industry and she is not. This is called "initial credibility", meaning the credibility that the speaker has even before he/she begins speaking.
Initial credibility is a blissful(充滿喜悅的) advantage for public speakers. If your audience already knows you are an expert in something and already trusts you, you won't have to try so hard to create credibility in your speech. But what if you are not really an expert in anything and your audience doesn't even know who you are? The answer is simple: you will have to build your credibility during your speech.
How to Build Your Credibility
1. Advertise your competence - At the beginning of your presentation, tell your audience about your expertise on the speech topic. If you have done a lot of research about the topic, tell them so. If you have a certain experience that gives you special knowledge or insight, go ahead and say so. But keep in mind; you don't want to sound boastful(自夸,自負(fù)的) to your audience. Do not over-advertise yourself. Keep it short and simple. Say it as a matter of fact, not a boast.
2. Connect to the audience - Try to identify with(認(rèn)為…等同于,與一致 )your audience early in your speech. Even if you are going to talk about something very controversial or something your listeners may disagree with, you still have to make them feel that you share the same common ground and values.
Four years ago, I watched Senator John Kerry give a speech about keeping woman's rights to abortion in one of the "red" states, in a room
full of conservative voters who were probably strongly against such an idea. At the start of his speech, he made a very smart move by saying that he himself is also a true Christian who believes abortion is not the right thing to do. Then he explained further that even though that is what he believes, there are also a lot of people in America who do not consider abortion a sinful(有罪的)thing; there are a number of Americans who are not Christians and do not share his religious principles. And since America is a democratic country, we have to respect those people's values as well.
I think Senator Kerry was impressive that day. By establishing common ground with the audience early, he was able to get off on the right foot. I don't know how many people in the audience he had successfully convinced, but at least he pulled off that extremely controversial speech with such poise and more importantly, without getting booed.
3. Speak eloquently(['el?kw?ntli]善辯地;富于表現(xiàn)力地)and express your ideas with conviction - Practice your persuasive speech ahead of time so that you can perform it well. Moderately(適度地;中庸地;有節(jié)制地)fast speakers tend to be considered more intelligent and confident than slow speakers. If you sound hesitant or say "uh" and "um" too much, you will appear less competent.
4. Use evidence - For amateur public speakers with no initial credibility,
it is very helpful to use examples, statistics, facts or testimonies to support their ideas. No matter what type of evidence you use in your speech, just remember these two things:
First, use specific evidence. For example, if you use statistics, indicate the exact number. Saying "Ten million Americans suffer from obesity" will make your point more effectively than just saying "Millions of Americans suffer from obesity." It will make your listeners aware that you have a good firm grip of factual information. Second, always cite evidence from well-known, reliable and non-biased sources.
5. Reason clearly and persuasively- Even if you use a bunch of strong evidence, you still won't be able to persuade your audience unless they grasp your reasoning. Don't assume that supportive evidence is enough. Throwing a lengthy list of statistics and examples at your listeners without drawing a logical conclusion to your main idea won't do you any good.
6. Appeal to emotions - Some people say that serious public speakers should avoid emotional appeal entirely and only stick to reason. I disagree with that. Humans are not like automatons or Mr. Spock in Star Trek. We think and feel at the same time. By adding intensity of feeling to your logical speech, you can be a much more compelling speaker. A rational persuasive speech that can change some people's attitudes may
not arouse those same people enough to take action. In order to convince your listeners not only to agree with your ideas but also adopt them in real life, you must evoke their passion. ? Use words or phrases that tend to reinforce emotional power. It is hard to pinpoint what words can sentimentally influence people more than others. It depends mostly on what topic you are talking about and what kind of emotion you would like to arouse in the audience. However, try not to be too wordy or say something overly melodramatic. Your passionate language must suit your speech, otherwise it may strike the audience as ridiculous.
? Use vivid personal experience. By telling the audience about your captivating real life story that is relevant to the speech topic, you automatically let your emotional appeal grow. The video below is a great example of how a public speaker can use one's personal experience to one's own advantage.
? Unless you are a really competent actor, don't act. Speak with sincerity[sin'ser?ti] and your true emotion. Using emotional language and vivid experience can be pointless if you don't actually feel the emotion yourself.
篇二:英語演講及演講技巧
1.在有了好的心態(tài)后,演講稿就成為了第二要點(diǎn)。首先你要明白,演講稿不是普通的英文文章,它是一篇熱情洋溢,激情四射的闡述你的觀點(diǎn)的文章,它必須能夠吸引聽眾的注意!一篇好的演講稿應(yīng)該能夠很清楚的一開始就讓聽眾知道你在說什么,做到這一點(diǎn)并不容易,因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)太過于直接會(huì)讓大家感到突如
其來,應(yīng)該有一定的緩沖。我看了很多外國名人的演講后總結(jié)出以下幾種形式:
、. 問候天氣,然后 轉(zhuǎn)入正題。
、. 寒暄。如:Good morning!I’m very glad stand here and give you a talk.
、. 開門見山。如:Good morning!Today I stand here to talk about?
有了好的開頭,在演講稿中,為了調(diào)動(dòng)大家的激情,可以多運(yùn)用排比句,在這點(diǎn)上美國的著名演講家:Martin Luther King,Jr.可以稱的上是專家。
2.演講稿寫好后,你應(yīng)該背過它,這是最起碼的要求!因?yàn)槿绻弥遄尤パ葜v的話,聽眾大都會(huì)認(rèn)為你準(zhǔn)備不充分,一開始就無法被你的內(nèi)容所吸引。同時(shí),這也會(huì)給別人一個(gè)信號(hào):你的信心不充足。所以,背過它,背的滾瓜爛熟!這才能保證別人會(huì)被你吸引住。
3.背過了演講稿,是處理它的時(shí)候了,什么地方該停頓,什么地方語氣該加重,什么地方要快讀,什么地方要慢讀,都要細(xì)細(xì)斟酌!可以這么說,語氣在很大的程度上決定你演講的成功!
4.下來,該談?wù)剟?dòng)作了。動(dòng)作在演講中也是很重要的。對著鏡子,仔細(xì)想想,自己應(yīng)該怎么加動(dòng)作,在什么地方加合適。一般來說,在語氣強(qiáng)的時(shí)候,手要上揚(yáng),不要太夸張,也不能太拘謹(jǐn)。在這方面,千萬不敢急,要用心體會(huì),多實(shí)踐!
5.很多同學(xué)都有這樣一個(gè)疑問,演講的時(shí)候忘詞怎么辦。這確實(shí)是一個(gè)問題,誰也無法保證自己在演講的過程中很順利。我認(rèn)為,如果忘詞了,千萬不要怕,不要因此而慌張,沉著冷靜,不要刻意去想原來的詞,按照意思往下說,相信你一定會(huì)順利繼續(xù)的!
英文演講中需要注意的問題:
首先,你是在用英語演講,要牢記這一點(diǎn),學(xué)會(huì)用英文思考!
其次,要注意發(fā)音,尤其是單詞的發(fā)音。很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為這沒什么,只要發(fā)準(zhǔn)就行了,其實(shí)不然。單詞有一個(gè)音節(jié)的問題,這是我們常常忽略的,是幾個(gè)音節(jié)就一定要發(fā)出幾個(gè)音節(jié),這很關(guān)鍵!如:beautiful 這個(gè)單詞有三個(gè)音節(jié),而很多同學(xué)只發(fā)出了兩個(gè),千萬要注意!
演講是演講者面向觀眾闡述對某事物的觀點(diǎn)、看法的過程。他指出public
speaking和genernal speaking的區(qū)別在于內(nèi)容、選擇對象和目的。接著,趙陽講述了如何準(zhǔn)備演講稿:即要選擇范圍,整理思路、搜索材料。他要求同學(xué)們要拿出演講稿進(jìn)行討論,永遠(yuǎn)不要期待完美,永遠(yuǎn)不要期待觀眾懂得更多。接下來,他強(qiáng)調(diào)了演講過程中要注意的幾點(diǎn)問題:演講稿的熟練程度、站立姿勢、面部表情、發(fā)型衣著、聲音和情感等。
如何英語演講及演講技巧
1. 演講前的準(zhǔn)備
1 善用空間的演講
所謂空間就是指進(jìn)行演說的場所范圍、演講者所在之處以及與聽眾間的距離等等。演說者所在之處以位居聽眾注意力容易匯集的地方最為理想。例如開會(huì)的時(shí)候、主席多半位居會(huì)議桌的上方、因?yàn)樵撎幷亲钊菀讌R集出席者注意力的地方。
反之,如果主席位居會(huì)議桌之正中央,則會(huì)議的進(jìn)行情況會(huì)變?nèi)绾文?恐怕?huì)使出席者注意力散漫了,且有會(huì)議冗長不休的感覺?因此,讓自己位居聽眾注意力容易匯集之處,不但能夠提升聽眾對于演講的關(guān)注,甚至具有增強(qiáng)演說者信賴度權(quán)威感的效果。
2 演講應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題
2.1 演講時(shí)的姿勢
演說時(shí)的姿勢(posture)也會(huì)帶給聽眾某種印象,例如堂堂正正的印象或者畏畏縮縮的印象。雖然個(gè)人的性格與平日的習(xí)慣對此影響頗巨,不過一般而言仍有方便演講的姿勢,即所謂“輕松的姿勢”。要讓身體放松,反過來說就是不要過度緊張。過度的緊張不但會(huì)表現(xiàn)出笨拙僵硬的姿勢,而且對于舌頭的動(dòng)作也會(huì)造成不良的影響。
訣竅之一是張開雙腳與肩同寬,挺穩(wěn)整個(gè)身軀。另一個(gè)訣竅是想辦法擴(kuò)散并減輕施加在身體上的緊張情緒。例如將一只手稍微插入口袋中,或者手觸桌邊、或者手握麥克風(fēng)等等。
2.2 演講時(shí)的視線
在大眾面前說話,亦即表示必須忍受眾目睽睽的注視。當(dāng)然,并非每位聽眾都會(huì)對你報(bào)以善意的眼光。盡管如此,你還是不可以漠視聽眾的眼光,避開聽眾的視線來說話。尤其當(dāng)你走到麥克風(fēng)旁邊站立在大眾面前的那一瞬間,來自聽
眾的視線有時(shí)甚至?xí)屇阌X得刺痛。
克服這股視線壓力的秘訣,就是一面進(jìn)行演講;一面從聽眾當(dāng)中找尋對于自己投以善意而溫柔眼光的人。并且無視于那些冷淡的眼光。此外,把自己的視線投向強(qiáng)烈“點(diǎn)頭”以示首肯的人,對鞏固信心來進(jìn)行演說也具有效果。
回答人的補(bǔ)充2009-06-06 19:28
2.3演講時(shí)的臉部表情
演講時(shí)的臉部表情無論好壞都會(huì)帶給聽眾極其深刻的印象。緊張、疲勞、喜悅、焦慮、等情緒無不清楚地表露在臉上,這是很難藉由本人的意志來加以控制的。演講的內(nèi)容即使再精彩,如果表情總覺缺乏自信,老是畏畏縮縮,演講就很容易變得欠缺說服力。
控制臉部的方法,首先“不可垂頭”。人一旦“垂頭”就會(huì)予人“喪氣”之感,而且若視線不能與聽眾接觸,就難以吸引聽眾的注意。另一個(gè)方法是“緩慢說話”。說話速度一旦緩慢,情緒即可穩(wěn)定,臉部表情也得以放松,再者,全身上下也能夠?yàn)橹┤蛔匀羝饋怼?/p>
2.4 有關(guān)服飾和發(fā)型
服裝也會(huì)帶給觀眾各種印象。尤其是東方男性總是喜歡穿著灰色或者藍(lán)色系列的服裝,難免給人過于刻板無趣印象。輕松的場合不妨穿著稍微花俏一點(diǎn)的服裝來參加。不過如果是正式的場合,一般來說仍以深色西服、男士無尾晚宴服、以及燕尾服為宜。其次,發(fā)型也可塑造出各種形象來。長發(fā)和光頭各自蘊(yùn)含其強(qiáng)烈的形象,而鬢角的長短也被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人喜好的表征。站出來演講之際,你的服裝、究竟帶給對方何種印象?希望各位好好地思量一番。
2.5 聲音和腔調(diào)
聲音和腔調(diào)乃是與生俱來的,不可能一朝一夕之間有所改善。不過音質(zhì)與措詞對于整個(gè)演說影響頗巨,這倒是事實(shí)。根據(jù)某項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告指出聲音低沉的男性比聲音高亢的男性,其信賴度較高。因?yàn)槁曇舻统習(xí)屓擞蟹N威嚴(yán)沉著的感覺。盡管如此,各位還是不可能馬上就改變自己的聲音?傊,重要的是讓自己的聲音清楚地傳達(dá)給聽眾。即使是音質(zhì)不好的人,如果能夠稟持自己的主張與信念的話,依舊可以吸引聽眾的熱切關(guān)注。
說話的速度也是演講的要素。為了營造沉著的氣氛,說話稍微慢點(diǎn)是很重要。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大致為5分鐘三張左右的A4原稿,不過,此地要注意的是,倘若從頭至尾一直以相同的速度來進(jìn)行,聽眾會(huì)睡覺的。
回答人的補(bǔ)充2009-06-06 19:28
3英文演講和中文演講的區(qū)別
我們的社會(huì)政治情況與國外不太一樣。美國人從小學(xué)開始就要競選這個(gè)、競選那個(gè),比如俱樂部經(jīng)理、學(xué)生會(huì)主席,跟政治競選差不多,所以他們的講演發(fā)達(dá),在講演培訓(xùn)方面也開展得比較好。在西方國家,特別是英語國家更加重視演講。中國在這方面滯后了一點(diǎn)兒,但是現(xiàn)在講演的風(fēng)氣開始興盛,這很是令
人喜悅。隨著我們對外經(jīng)貿(mào)、外交關(guān)系的拓展,學(xué)英語講英語的形勢更加喜人。 那么,英文演講和中文演講相比有哪些區(qū)別呢?實(shí)際上一樣,關(guān)鍵在于了解演講對象,減少冗余信息。中文演講和英文演講實(shí)際上是一樣的,關(guān)鍵是看你演講的對象。不管是用中文還是用英文演講,首先你要對自己的聽眾要有一個(gè)很好的了解。在國外講演,講演超過半個(gè)小時(shí),你就要考慮這個(gè)時(shí)間是不是快到
了,絕不要超過50分鐘。而且應(yīng)該留出一半以上的時(shí)間讓聽眾來提問題。在中國情況就有所不同,實(shí)際上現(xiàn)在中國人也愿意聽短話,特別是沒有什么信息量的套話說法。
在講演當(dāng)中,語言文字的運(yùn)用很重要。第一,語言表達(dá)純熟清晰。第二,以對方習(xí)慣的方式、喜歡的方式來講。第三,要有內(nèi)容。當(dāng)聽眾通過贊揚(yáng)英文的辦法來贊揚(yáng)你時(shí),例如觀眾對你說Articulate,這是表示你講得非常清晰,你聽到這樣的評(píng)語之后,實(shí)際上就說明你的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)打動(dòng)了人。
適應(yīng)聽眾思維習(xí)慣,在講演一定要注意觀眾的反映。我的講話就是半個(gè)小時(shí),必要的時(shí)候縮短20分鐘。我看大家睜著眼睛很安安靜靜的在聽,我就多講幾句。講話不要長,講20分鐘就可以打住了,然后讓人家提問題,這個(gè)10分鐘是有效的10分鐘,你可以根據(jù)他們提的問題,不完全是切中這個(gè)問題放大放開講。 學(xué)習(xí)英語也沒有什么捷徑可走。一是慢慢積累,不要放棄;A(chǔ)一定要打好,特別是語法的基礎(chǔ)。在學(xué)校學(xué)的時(shí)間不長,但是基礎(chǔ)必須非常穩(wěn)固。光介詞的練習(xí)就需要知道幾百幾千,冠詞的練習(xí),什么時(shí)候用THE,什么時(shí)候不用,這些基礎(chǔ)都非常牢固。
二是多看、多讀、多模仿。英語開始就是模仿,注意外國人的表達(dá)方法。另一方面要非常注意閱讀。像《新聞周刊》、《時(shí)代》等等,而且是越看不明白的東西越看。
準(zhǔn)備是搞好演講的前提。首先是要確立一個(gè)題目或一個(gè)話題。一般演講賽都分為命題演講和即興演講。如要進(jìn)行演講比賽則必須對各個(gè)方面加以準(zhǔn)備:政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育等,找好立意點(diǎn),擬定題目,如政治方面的演講主題:WTO、統(tǒng)一、和平與發(fā)展、機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn);經(jīng)濟(jì)方面演講主題:西部大開發(fā)、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、再就業(yè);教育方面演講方題:中西方教育的不同、遠(yuǎn)程教育、終身教育、槍手;文化方面演講主題:文化的交流與融合、校園文化;環(huán)保方面演講主題:man and nature;科技方面演講主題:網(wǎng)絡(luò)、克隆、基因;衛(wèi)生方面演講主題:keep physically and mentally healthy;體育方面演講主題:Olympics??有些方面題目太大,可從多角度和多側(cè)面思考,找好切入點(diǎn),將題目細(xì)化和具體化,寫出演講稿的提綱,構(gòu)思和組織演講稿結(jié)構(gòu)。
擬定好話題后的第二步就是演講材料的收集與整理。其中最好的方法就是有計(jì)劃地閱讀大量的英語原文以及各類英語報(bào)刊雜志,閱讀是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過程,同時(shí)也是培養(yǎng)英語思維的過程,對提高英語的口頭表達(dá)能力和書面表達(dá)能力是至關(guān)重要的。利用有關(guān)資源與材料(如圖書、報(bào)刊、雜志或網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源等)收集所需的內(nèi)容。然后對材料加以整理或進(jìn)行梳理,舍棄不太重要的內(nèi)容或用不上的材料,準(zhǔn)備寫演講稿。
2 演講稿的寫作
演講稿首先開頭要開門見山,既要一下子抓住聽眾又要提出你的觀點(diǎn),中間要用各種方法和所準(zhǔn)備的材料說明、支持你的論點(diǎn),感染聽眾,然后在結(jié)尾加強(qiáng)說明論點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論,結(jié)束演講。
演講稿的寫作有嚴(yán)格的要求,就內(nèi)容而言要主題鮮明,表達(dá)完整;就文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)而言要思維清晰,邏輯性強(qiáng);就語言而言要有感染力、形象生動(dòng)。寫作時(shí)可根據(jù)需要有效、正確地使用英語寫作方法和技巧,如恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用明喻、暗喻、夸張等各種修辭方法,用詞要準(zhǔn)確,盡量避免使用生僻、模糊、晦澀的字詞?傊紤]聽眾對象,注意演講的措辭,但又要簡明扼要、有理有力、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。許多著名的演說家的不朽之作都有振奮人心、扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤般的力量。從馬。返拢鸬摹癐 have a dream”,美國總統(tǒng)林肯所作的著名的蓋茨堡演說,到克林頓在北大的演說,不少句子都成為不朽的佳句,值得認(rèn)真研讀.
3進(jìn)行演講
具備演講的知識(shí)和技巧,演講稿的完成只是演講的序幕,要進(jìn)行成功的演講則要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練時(shí),分析演講要領(lǐng),訓(xùn)練演講技巧和姿勢語,觀看CCTV杯和愛立信杯等英語演講的錄像,了解并按照比賽評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的模擬訓(xùn)練,觀察演講過程是否具備以下特點(diǎn):主題鮮明,表達(dá)完整(演講內(nèi)容);思維清晰,邏輯性強(qiáng)(文章組織結(jié)構(gòu));感情充沛,富有表現(xiàn)力(演講氣勢);發(fā)音正確,語音語調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(英語語音);反應(yīng)敏捷,回答準(zhǔn)確(心理素質(zhì));著裝整潔,儀態(tài)大方等等。
除此之外,還要有良好的心理素質(zhì)。多進(jìn)行模擬演講,有良好的心理素質(zhì),才能更好地表現(xiàn)自己,取得演講的良好效果。有的同學(xué)能講一口地道的美式英語,但由于缺乏良好的心理素質(zhì)而怯場,甚至在比賽中緊張得說不出話來或有一些不良的舉止而被淘汰出局。
有了充分的準(zhǔn)備,進(jìn)行演講就不太難了。在演講的整個(gè)過程中還要注意一些演講的要領(lǐng)與技巧,如演講者與聽眾目光的接觸(eye contact),聲音的抑揚(yáng)頓挫(vocal variety),和肢體語言的配合(hand gestures and body
language)等等,但要恰當(dāng),不要太多,否則會(huì)喧賓奪主,影響演講效果。
掌握了這些要領(lǐng),有了充分的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,再加上良好的心理素質(zhì),一定會(huì)成功的 .
演講技巧
No,nos in public speaking
演講切忌
Talking too rapidly;
語速太快;
Speaking in a monotone;
篇三:如何英語演講及演講技巧
如何英語演講及演講技巧
1. 演講前的準(zhǔn)備
準(zhǔn)備是搞好演講的前提。首先是要確立一個(gè)題目或一個(gè)話題。一般演講賽都分為命題演講和即興演講。如要進(jìn)行演講比賽則必須對各個(gè)方面加以準(zhǔn)備:政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育等,找好立意點(diǎn),擬定題目,如政治方面的演講主題:WTO、統(tǒng)一、和平與發(fā)展、機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn);經(jīng)濟(jì)方面演講主題:西部大開發(fā)、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、再就業(yè);教育方面演講方題:中西方教育的不同、遠(yuǎn)程教育、終身教育、槍手;文化方面演講主題:文化的交流與融合、校園文化;環(huán)保方面演講主題:man and nature;科技方面演講主題:網(wǎng)絡(luò)、克隆、基因;衛(wèi)生方面演講主題:keep physically and mentally healthy;體育方面演講主題:Olympics??有些方面題目太大,可從多角度和多側(cè)面思考,找好切入點(diǎn),將題目細(xì)化和具體化,寫出演講稿的提綱,構(gòu)思和組織演講稿結(jié)構(gòu)。
擬定好話題后的第二步就是演講材料的收集與整理。其中最好的方法就是有計(jì)劃地閱讀大量的.英語原文以及各類英語報(bào)刊雜志,閱讀是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過程,同時(shí)也是培養(yǎng)英語思維的過程,對提高英語的口頭表達(dá)能力和書面表達(dá)能力是至關(guān)重要的。利用有關(guān)資源與材料(如圖書、報(bào)刊、雜志或網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源等)收集所需的內(nèi)容。然后對材料加以整理或進(jìn)行梳理,舍棄不太重要的內(nèi)容或用不上的材料,準(zhǔn)備寫演講稿。
2 演講稿的寫作
演講稿首先開頭要開門見山,既要一下子抓住聽眾又要提出你的觀點(diǎn),中間要用各種方法和所準(zhǔn)備的材料說明、支持你的論點(diǎn),感染聽眾,然后在結(jié)尾加強(qiáng)說明論點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論,結(jié)束演講。
演講稿的寫作有嚴(yán)格的要求,就內(nèi)容而言要主題鮮明,表達(dá)完整;就文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)而言要思維清晰,邏輯性強(qiáng);就語言而言要有感染力、形象生動(dòng)。寫作時(shí)可根據(jù)需要有效、正確地使用英語寫作方法和技巧,如恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用明喻、暗喻、夸張等各種修辭方法,用詞要準(zhǔn)確,盡量避免使用生僻、模糊、晦澀的字詞?傊,要考慮聽眾對象,注意演講的措辭,但又要簡明扼要、有理有力、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。許多著名的演說家的不朽之作都有振奮人心、扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤般的力量。從馬。返拢鸬摹癐 have a dream”,美國總統(tǒng)林肯所作的著名的蓋茨堡演說,到克林頓在北大的演說,不少句子都成為不朽的佳句,值得認(rèn)真研讀.
3進(jìn)行演講
具備演講的知識(shí)和技巧,演講稿的完成只是演講的序幕,要進(jìn)行成功的演講則要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練時(shí),分析演講要領(lǐng),訓(xùn)練演講技巧和姿勢語,觀看CCTV杯和愛立信杯等英語演講的錄像,了解并按照比賽評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的模擬訓(xùn)練,觀察演講過程是否具備以下特點(diǎn):主題鮮明,表達(dá)完整(演講內(nèi)容);思維清晰,邏輯性強(qiáng)(文章組織結(jié)構(gòu));感情充沛,富有表現(xiàn)力(演講氣勢);發(fā)音正確,語音語調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(英語語音);反應(yīng)敏捷,回答準(zhǔn)確(心理素質(zhì));著裝整潔,儀態(tài)大方等等。
除此之外,還要有良好的心理素質(zhì)。多進(jìn)行模擬演講,有良好的心理素質(zhì),才能更好地表現(xiàn)自己,取得演講的良好效果。有的同學(xué)能講一口地道的美式英語,但由于缺乏良好的心理素質(zhì)而怯場,甚至在比賽中緊張得說不出話來或有一些不良的舉止而被淘汰出局。
有了充分的準(zhǔn)備,進(jìn)行演講就不太難了。在演講的整個(gè)過程中還要注意一些演講的要領(lǐng)與技巧,如演講者與聽眾目光的接觸(eye contact),聲音的抑揚(yáng)頓挫(vocal variety),和肢體語言的配合(hand gestures and body language)等等,但要恰當(dāng),不要太多,否則
會(huì)喧賓奪主,影響演講效果。
掌握了這些要領(lǐng),有了充分的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,再加上良好的心理素質(zhì),一定會(huì)成功的 .演講技巧
No,nos in public speaking
演講切忌
Talking too rapidly;
語速太快;
Speaking in a monotone;
聲音單調(diào);
Using too high a vocal pitch;
聲音尖細(xì);
Talking and not saying much;
“談”得太多,說得太少;
Presenting without enough emotion or passion;
感情不充分;
Talking down to the audience;
對觀眾采取一種居高臨下的姿態(tài);
Using too many "big" words;
夸張的詞語使用得太多;
Using abstractions without giving concrete examples;
使用抽象概念而不給出事例加以說明;
Using unfamiliar technical jargon;
使用別人不熟悉的技術(shù)術(shù)語;
Using slang or profanity;
使用俚語或粗俗語;
Disorganized and rambling performance;
演講無組織,散亂無序;
Indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush;
說話繞彎子,不切中主題;
How to communicate with the audience
怎樣與聽眾交流
A message worth communicating;
要有值得交流的觀點(diǎn);
Gain the listeners' attention: capture their interest and build their trust;
引起聽眾的注意:抓住他們的興趣并贏得信任;
Emphasize understanding;
重視理解;
Obtain their feedback;
獲得反饋;
Watch your emotional tone;
注意聲調(diào)要有感情;
Persuade the audience;
說服聽眾;
How to gain confidence
怎樣變得自信
Smile and glance at the audience;
微笑并看著觀眾;
Start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;
開始發(fā)言時(shí)要慢一點(diǎn),身體保持昂首挺胸的姿態(tài);
Open your speech by saying something very frankly;
開場白說一些真誠話;
Wear your very best clothes;
穿上自己最好的衣服;
Say something positive to yourself;
對自己說一些積極的話;
Four objectives of the speech
演講的四個(gè)目標(biāo)
To offer information;
提供信息;
To entertain the audience;
使聽眾感到樂趣;
To touch emotions;
動(dòng)之以情;
To move to action;
使聽眾行動(dòng)起來;
How to organize the speech
怎樣組織演講
To have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;
要有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu):可以分一二三點(diǎn);可以從地理上分東南西北;比較與對比;我方與他方;正面與反面;
To label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;將材料歸類整理,如笑話、趣事、名人名言、有趣的數(shù)據(jù);
To use notecards;
使用卡片;
How to use cards
怎樣使用卡片
Number your cards on the top right;
在卡片的右上角標(biāo)上數(shù)字;
Write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;
在第一張和最后一張上寫上完整的句子;
Write up to five key words on other cards;
其他卡片上最多只能寫五個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞;
Use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;
用顏色來標(biāo)記你想強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞;
Remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.
在某一處提醒自己查看時(shí)間。
How to cope with brownout
如何對付忘詞
Just smile and go to the next card. Not the one in front of you, but to the next following. Look at the first word on it. This will be the point from which you will now continue. Of course you missed part of your speech. But nobody will notice it. They will blame themselves for not following your thoughts.
只需要微微一笑,繼續(xù)下一張卡片上的內(nèi)容,不是擺在你目前的那張卡片,而是下一張。看一下卡片上的第一個(gè)單詞,這就是你要繼續(xù)的要點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然你會(huì)遺漏一部分內(nèi)容,但是沒有人會(huì)注意到這一點(diǎn)。聽眾只會(huì)責(zé)怪自己沒有跟上你的思路。
How to begin
如何開頭
To tell a story (about yourself);
講個(gè)(自己的)故事;
To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering;
對大家能夠聚在一起表示感謝;
To pay the listeners a compliment;
稱贊一下聽眾;
To quote ;
引用名人名言;
To use unusual statistics;
使用一些不平常的數(shù)據(jù);
To ask the audience a challenging question;
問觀眾一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)性的問題;
To show a video or a slide.
播放錄像帶或看幻燈片。
How to close
如何結(jié)尾
To repeat your opening;
重復(fù)你的開頭;
To summarize your presentation;
概括你的演講;
To close with an anecdote;
以趣事結(jié)尾;
To end with a call to a(轉(zhuǎn) 載 于:wWw.zAIdian.cOM 在 點(diǎn) 網(wǎng))ction;
以號(hào)召行動(dòng)結(jié)尾;
To ask a rhetorical question;
以反問結(jié)尾;
To make a statement;
以一個(gè)陳述句結(jié)尾;
To show an outline of your presentation.
展示演講大綱。
Eye contact
眼神交流
Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;
眼睛慢慢地從一個(gè)移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)人,在每一個(gè)人身上停留兩到三秒鐘時(shí)間;
Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;
眼睛直視聽眾,或看著他們的鼻梁或下巴
Look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;
找到那些看起來比較友善的聽眾,逐次朝他們微笑;然后目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向那些有些懷疑的聽眾,也逐漸朝他們微笑;
Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.
如果你感到緊張,不妨想象聽眾都穿著浴衣的樣子。
How to use the microphone
如何使用話筒
You must speak up and project your voice even if you are using a microphone;
即使是用話筒,也要聲音響亮并運(yùn)氣發(fā)聲;
Your voice should be resonant and sustained when you speak;
聲音要有回聲并能稍持續(xù)一陣兒;
Pitch your voice slightly lower than normal. Listeners tend to associate credibility and authority with a relatively deep voice;
音調(diào)要定得比正常講話時(shí)低一些,聽眾往往把可信度與權(quán)威性與一個(gè)相對低沉的聲音聯(lián)系在一起;
Try to end declarative sentences on a low tone without, however, trailing off in volume;盡量用降調(diào)結(jié)束陳述句,但不要減弱音量;
Slow down.
放慢語速。