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中石油職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)文章
本篇中石油職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀文章是關(guān)于文化禁忌的，每個(gè)文化都有著相同或者不同的禁忌，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)那個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí)，我們需要注意，不要冒犯了別人。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于文化禁忌的中石油職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀文章及習(xí)題，希望能幫到大家!
Cultural Taboos 文化禁忌
1. The speed and convenience of modern travel means that(引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句) destinations that used to take a long time to travel to can now be reached quickly and easily. Even though "faraway" countries may now seem closer thanks to air travel, they may still be different from your home country. Therefore, it is important to adapt your behavior so that you don't insult or offend the local people. The following are some fundamental rules that will make communication easier and your trip more enjoyable.
1、現(xiàn)代旅行的速度和便捷(convenience n. 便利)意味著過(guò)去需要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能抵達(dá)的(that used to take a long time to travel to定語(yǔ)從句修飾destinations; used to do sth. 過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事; travel to 走訪)目的地現(xiàn)在可以又快又輕松地到達(dá)。盡管(even though)由于(thanks to)可以乘坐飛機(jī)旅行，“遙遠(yuǎn)(faraway)”的國(guó)家似乎更近了，但是它們也許仍然與你自己的國(guó)家有所不同(be different from 與…不同)。因此(therefore)，改善你的行為從而(so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句)不冒犯或不得罪當(dāng)?shù)厝朔浅Ｖ匾?形式主語(yǔ)it，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to adapt your behavior; adapt vt. 使適應(yīng); insult vt. 侮辱;損害; offend vt. 冒犯)。以下幾條基本規(guī)則(fundamental rules)將會(huì)使交際變得更容易，使你的旅行更愉快。
2. First, never raise your voice in order to make yourself understood. If you do not know the word for something in the local language, or cannot make yourself understood verbally, try drawing a picture or pointing to an object. Remember, though, that(引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句) pointing directly at a person can be highly offensive in some cultures. If you have to point something out, do so by gesturing towards the object, with the palm of your hand flat, facing upward, and your fingers outstretched. Before you travel, try learning some basic words or phrases of the local language. Most useful are those that express gratitude and politeness such as words for please, thank you, and may I, as well as basic greetings.
2、首先，千萬(wàn)不要為了讓別人聽(tīng)懂你的話語(yǔ)而提髙嗓門高聲大叫(in order to do sth. 為了做某事;make + 不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ))。如果你不知道用當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言中的某個(gè)詞表達(dá)你的意思，或者不能用言語(yǔ)(verbally adv. 口頭地，用言辭地)讓別人明白你的意思，試著(try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事)畫張圖，或者指向某個(gè)物體(point to 指向;指著)。然而，務(wù)必記住，在某些文化中，直接指向某個(gè)人(pointing directly at a person現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ))可能是十分無(wú)禮的(offensive adj. 攻擊的;無(wú)禮的;令人不快的)。如果你得指出某個(gè)東西(point out 指出，指明)，打手勢(shì)指向那個(gè)物體，手掌攤平，掌面朝上，手指盡可能伸展(do so 如此做;gesture vi. 做手勢(shì);palm n. 手掌;flat vi. 變平; outstretch vi. 伸出;擴(kuò)大; -ed adj. 伸開(kāi)的;擴(kuò)張的)。旅行之前，設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)一些本地語(yǔ)言的基本詞匯或短語(yǔ)(即詞語(yǔ))。最實(shí)用的是那些表達(dá)感激之情和客氣禮貌的詞語(yǔ)(those指“詞語(yǔ)”)，比如“請(qǐng)”，“謝謝你”，“我可不可以”，以及基本的問(wèn)候用語(yǔ)(greetings)。
3. Second, consider the main religion of the country you plan to visit and read about any taboos related to clothing, especially if you plan to visit places that are considered sacred. As a precaution, bring conservative clothes, such as shirts or T-shirts that cover your shoulders, and long trousers. Avoid topics of conversation that you think may be sensitive. If a topic is sensitive in your own culture, it will more than likely be the same in other cultures. Feel free to show interest in the history and customs of the place you are visiting, but don't ask too many questions about why things are done in a certain way; you may offend the local people. Keep in mind that in many cultures, displaying affection in public is considered taboo. Kissing on the street or in public places is unacceptable behavior and should be avoided. If you are unsure of how to behave, watch the local people and copy them—if they don't behave in a certain way, you probably shouldn't either.
3、其次，認(rèn)真考慮(consider)你決定去旅游的那個(gè)國(guó)家的主要宗教，并通過(guò)讀書了解關(guān)于穿著的禁忌，如果計(jì)劃去游覽圣地，尤其要獲悉這方面的禁忌(在一句話中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句及一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ);relate to 與…有關(guān);be considered 被認(rèn)為是;sacred adj. 神圣的;莊嚴(yán)的)。攜帶諸如(such as)覆蓋肩膀的襯衫或短袖汗衫和長(zhǎng)褲之類的保守衣服(conservative clothes)，以備不時(shí)之需(as a precaution 作為預(yù)防措施)�；乇�(avoid)你認(rèn)為可能敏感的(sensitive)話題。如果某個(gè)話題在你自己的文化里是敏感的話題，那么這個(gè)話題在其他文化里也很可能同樣如此。毫無(wú)拘束地(feel free to 隨意)表現(xiàn)出你對(duì)旅游目的地的歷史和風(fēng)俗饒有興趣，但不要就約定俗成的事情提出太多疑問(wèn)(in a certain way 按一定方式)，提問(wèn)太多，也許會(huì)得罪當(dāng)?shù)厝恕＠卫斡涀?keep in mind)，根據(jù)很多國(guó)家的文化習(xí)俗，當(dāng)眾(in public)表現(xiàn)愛(ài)慕親密之情(affection)被視為禁忌。在街道上或在公共場(chǎng)所接吻是不可接受的(unacceptable adj.)行為，應(yīng)該加以避免。要是對(duì)行為表現(xiàn)方式?jīng)]有把握，觀察當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬⒛７滤麄�。如果他們沒(méi)有某種行為方式，你也許也應(yīng)該避免(either adv. 也; 用于否定句或否定詞組后)。
4. Finally, if you are travelling on business or plan to stay with a host family and you wish to take a gift, do some research. The idea of the perfect gift varies greatly from country to country, and one of the easiest ways to offend somebody is to give the wrong gift. In China, it is taboo to give clocks and fans. The Chinese word for "fan" has a similar sound to the word for "separation", while the meaning for "clock" is similar to that of "death". In Japan, gifts should never be given in sets of "four", as the sound of the word "four" in Japanese is similar to the sound of the word meaning "death."
4、最后，如果你正處于商務(wù)之行(on business 出差)，或者決定暫居于主人之家(stay with 同…住在一起)，想攜帶一件禮物，那么就該調(diào)查研究一番。禮物是否完全合適，各國(guó)人們看法不一(vary-varies vi. 變化;直譯為：對(duì)于完美禮物的理念不同國(guó)家變化很大)，送錯(cuò)禮物是最容易冒犯人的(to give the wrong gift不定式短語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ);直譯為：冒犯人的最容易方法之一就是送錯(cuò)禮物)。在中國(guó)，贈(zèng)送時(shí)鐘或扇子是忌諱之事。漢語(yǔ)單詞“扇”與“散(separation n.分離)”諧音(similar to 與…相似)，“送鐘”與“送終”含義相似(改錯(cuò)了，將sound改為meaning)。在日本，贈(zèng)送禮物永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該四件成套(in sets of一套)，因?yàn)?as)日文的“四”和“死”是諧音。
5. The opening of gifts is also treated very differently around the world. In many Western countries, do not be surprised if your hosts immediately tear the wrapping paper from a gift in great excitement. They will then tell you how wonderful the gift is, even if they do not like it! In most Asian countries, it is considered impolite to open gifts in front of the gift-giver for fear of offending the person.
5、世界各地的人們打開(kāi)禮物的方式也大不相同(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);treat vt. 對(duì)待)。在很多西方國(guó)家，如果主人非常興奮地(in great excitement;excitement n. 興奮)立即撕開(kāi)禮物的包裝紙，不要感到驚訝。他們會(huì)告訴你禮物多么令人驚喜(how wonderful the gift is)，即便(even if)不喜歡，他們也會(huì)贊不絕口!在很多亞洲國(guó)家，當(dāng)著禮物贈(zèng)送者的面打開(kāi)禮物被認(rèn)為是失禮的舉動(dòng)，因?yàn)槿藗儞?dān)心當(dāng)面打開(kāi)禮物會(huì)讓客人難堪(in front of 的…的面前;for fear of 由于害怕)。
6. Wherever you go in the world, always be tolerant of the local customs. Avoid being critical; try instead to show respect for the values of the country you are in, even if you do not necessarily agree with them.
6、無(wú)論到世界上什么地方去，要時(shí)時(shí)處處寬容地對(duì)待當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗(be tolerant of 對(duì)…寬容)。避免評(píng)頭論足，采取批評(píng)的態(tài)度(avoid + doing sth. 避免做某事; critical adj. 愛(ài)挑剔的;批評(píng)的;評(píng)論的)，而是要盡量對(duì)你所在國(guó)家的價(jià)值觀表示尊重(instead adv. 代替，頂替; try to do sth. 盡力做某事; show respect for 對(duì)…表示尊重)，即使(even if)你未必贊成(agree with 同意，贊同)。
練習(xí)：
1. Even though "faraway" countries may now seem closer__________air travel, they may still be different from your home country.
A. thank youB. thanks toC. thanks
2. Therefore, it is important to__________your behavior__________you don't insult or offend the local people.
A. adapt; so thatB. adopt; so thatC. adapt; because
3. If you cannot make yourself understood verbally, try __________a picture or__________to an object.
A. to draw; pointingB. drawing; to point
C. drawing; pointingD. to draw; to point
4. If they don't behave in a certain way, you probably shouldn't __________.
A. tooB. eitherC. also
5. In China, it is taboo__________clocks and fans.
A. to give B. givingC. gives
6. In Japan, gifts should never be given in sets of "four", __________the sound of the word "four" in Japanese is similar to the sound of the word meaning "death."
A. soB. so thatC. so astoD. as
7. They will then tell you __________ , even if they do not like it!
A. how wonderful is the gift
B. how wonderful the gift is
C. how the gift is wonderful
8. Keep__________that in many cultures, displaying affection __________ is considered taboo.
A. at mind; in public B. in mind; in privateC. in mind; in public
9.__________you go in the world, always be tolerant__________the local customs.
A. where; ofB. wherever; ofC. wherever; off
10. Avoid __________ critical; try instead to show respect __________the values of the country you are in, even if you do not necessarily agree with them.
A. being; forB. to be; forC. being; of
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