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2017年中石油職稱英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)題
2017年中石油職稱英語(yǔ)考試馬上就要開(kāi)始了。為了方便考生更好的復(fù)習(xí)中石油職稱英語(yǔ)考試。下面是yjbys小編為大家?guī)?lái)的中石油職稱英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)題，歡迎閱讀。
中石油職稱英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)題
1.Coca-Cola is thebest-selling soft (non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million"Cokes" are sold every day,from the equator to the Arctic.But whereas outside the USA Coke tends to be a young person's drink,inside the USAanybody of any age or income can drink it without embarrassment on anyoccasion.
1.可口可樂(lè)是全世界銷(xiāo)路最好的軟飲料(不含酒精的飲料)。從赤道到北極，可口可樂(lè)每天的銷(xiāo)售量為1、65億瓶。在美國(guó)，任何人，不論年齡大小、收入多少，都可以在任何場(chǎng)合飲用可口可樂(lè)而不至于有任何不自在的感覺(jué)。但在美國(guó)之外，可口可樂(lè)往往是青年人的飲料。
2.Coke is not the only "cola" drink.Pepsi Cola is a well-known rival and has its devotees,for it is not as sweet asCoke. Cola drinks contain caffeine from the kola nut and are the only softdrinks which are stimulating as well as refreshing.
2.可口可樂(lè)不是唯一的可樂(lè)飲料。百事可樂(lè)是它的著名競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手并擁有自己的愛(ài)好者，因?yàn)樗幌窨煽诳蓸?lè)那么甜�？蓸�(lè)飲料含有從可拉果中提取的咖啡因，并且是唯一的既可提神又有刺激性的軟飲料。
3.There areexcellent wines produced in Californiawhich are praised by European connoisseurs,but some Americans prefer strongerstuff. Well-off Americans consume a lot of alcohol in the form ofcocktails-mixtures based on spirits like whisky,gin and vodka.
3.加利福尼亞生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)葡萄酒得到歐洲的行家們的贊揚(yáng)，但有些美國(guó)人更喜歡烈性酒。很多美國(guó)人以喝雞尾酒的方式消費(fèi)大量酒精，這種酒是用威士忌、杜松子酒和伏特加之類的烈性酒調(diào)制而成的。
4.Hamburgers andhot dogs are perhaps the best known American foods. Hot dogs-sausages betweenbread rolls-can be bought in snack bars and from hot dog stands on streetcomers. And from San Francisco to New York,in cheap ormedium-priced restaurants,hamburgers will be on all the menus,in company withsteaks,fried chicken and seafood. They come with French fries and crisp greensalad. In most cases it is certainly good value for money. For dessert you willbe offered apple pie,cheese cake,chocolate layer cake,ice cream and ice creamsundaes. No ice cream in the world is more delicious than American ice cream.
4.漢堡包和熱狗也許是最著名的美國(guó)食品了。熱狗-面包卷夾香腸-可以在街角的小吃店和熱狗攤上買(mǎi)到。從舊金山到紐約的中小飯館，所有乏鞘菜單上都有漢堡包，它與牛排、炸雞和海味并列。它們與炸薯?xiàng)l和新鮮色拉擱在一起出售。在多數(shù)情況下，這筆錢(qián)當(dāng)然值得一花。要甜點(diǎn)心的話，你可以點(diǎn)蘋(píng)果餡餅、乳酪蛋糕、巧克力夾心蛋糕、冰淇淋和冰淇淋圣代。世界上沒(méi)有哪個(gè)地方的冰激淋比美國(guó)的更好吃了。
5.The Americanpassion for speed has now hit the food business. Many restaurants,in particularthe great chain restaurant company,Macdonald's,specialize in fastfood",food which is served at the counter ready "to go",or"to take out". The food,cooked and hot,is packed into cardboard andplastic containers,and hot drinks go into plastic cups with tight-fitting lids.There are also drive-in fast food restaurants,where the customer does not evenhave to leave his or her car. They first stop at a board where the menu isdisplayed,give an order through a microphone and then drive another twentyyards,where a gift hands them the meal,ready cooked and packed. People whoprefer to eat at a table in the restaurant also receive their food in cardboardor plastic containers,and the knives,forks and spoons are plastic,too. Whenthey have finished,customers throw everything except the tray into a trash can.
5.美國(guó)人追求“快”的激情目前已經(jīng)影響到了飲食業(yè)。許多飯館，尤其是大型連鎖飲食公司“麥當(dāng)勞”，專門(mén)做“快餐”，也就是在柜臺(tái)隨時(shí)可以買(mǎi)到或帶走的食物。飯菜做好了，趁熱就裝進(jìn)紙板或塑料制的容器。熱飲料則裝入蓋子蓋得很?chē)?yán)的塑料杯中。還有服務(wù)到車(chē)上的“路旁”快餐店，顧客甚至用不著離開(kāi)小汽車(chē)。他們先在一塊寫(xiě)有菜單的牌子前停車(chē)，通過(guò)麥克風(fēng)訂飯菜，然后再往前開(kāi)20碼，就有女服務(wù)員遞上做好并裝在盒里的飯菜。愿意在飯館里坐在餐桌邊進(jìn)餐的人的飯菜也同樣裝在紙板或塑料制的容器中，刀、叉、湯匙也都是塑料做的。顧客吃完了，除了盤(pán)子以外，其余都扔進(jìn)垃圾箱。
6.In most cities,large and small,you can eatMexican or Italian food. And even small towns have a coffee shop serving simplemeals,drinks of all kinds-and excellent,freshly-made coffee. You sit at thecounter,or are served at a table. Service in restaurants and coffee shops isefficient and friendly. Waiters and waitresses often introduce themselves."Hi! I am Don (Debbie). What can I get you folks?" This friendlinessis natural and not entirely influenced by the hope of a high tip. In anycase,people usually tip 15% of the check. One of the pleasantest things aboutwaiters and waitresses is that they refill your coffee cup several times for noextra charge!
6.在大多數(shù)城市里，無(wú)論大城市還是小城市，你都可以吃到墨西哥食品或意大利食品。甚至小鎮(zhèn)上也有咖啡館提供簡(jiǎn)單的飯菜、各種飲料和非常好的剛煮好的咖啡。你坐在柜臺(tái)邊或桌旁就行。飯店和咖啡館的服務(wù)熱情周到，效率很高。男女服務(wù)員經(jīng)常自我介紹：“我是多恩(或德比)。您要點(diǎn)什么?”這種友好毫不做作，也并不完全是想多得小費(fèi)。一般，人們常另付賬單金額的15%作為小費(fèi)。男女服務(wù)員最討人喜歡的一點(diǎn)是他們屢次三番把你的咖啡杯重新斟滿而不另加收錢(qián)!
7.Many Americanfamilies pride themselves on their cooking,and have deep freezers,where theystore food they grow in their gardens or buy in the supermarket. Supermarketsare large self-service stores selling every kind of food-fresh,canned orfrozen. So,like the fast-food restaurants,their produce is less expensive andeasier to market. There have been supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s,and they havenow spread through a large part of the world.
7.許多美國(guó)家庭以自己的烹調(diào)而自豪。他們有冷藏箱，可以把他們?cè)诨▓@種的或從超級(jí)市場(chǎng)買(mǎi)的食物貯藏起來(lái)。超級(jí)市場(chǎng)是大型自助商店，出售各種食品-新鮮的、罐頭裝的或冰凍的。因此，像快餐館一樣，他們的商品較便宜，容易銷(xiāo)售。美國(guó)從1930年代起就有超級(jí)市場(chǎng)了，現(xiàn)在超級(jí)市場(chǎng)已遍及世界的大部分地區(qū)。
24.The Delights of SouthIsland 南島之樂(lè) <原22>
1.One of the oddercoincidences of physical geography is the fact that there are two doubleislands, roughly the same size, positioned at each other's antipodes, orfarthest-distant point. The islands of Englandand Ireland in the NorthernHemisphere and the islands of North Island and South Islandin the Southern Hemisphere are just such a coincidence. The first two islandscomprise the United Kingdomand the Republic of Ireland (or Eire), and the second two islandscomprise New Zealand.Among these four islands, there can be no doubt that South Island is the least polluted and most spectacularly scenic of themall.
1.自然地理上較為奇特的巧合之一是地球上有兩組大小約略相同、位置相對(duì)或者說(shuō)相距最為遙遠(yuǎn)的雙島。北半球的英格蘭和愛(ài)爾蘭群島以及南半球的北島和南島就是這樣的一種巧合。第一組的兩座島構(gòu)成英國(guó)和愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó)，第二組的兩座島則組成新西蘭。四個(gè)島中，南島無(wú)疑是污染最少且風(fēng)景最秀麗的。
2.There is much competition to make such aclaim. The island of England,politically constituting England,Scotland,andWales of the United Kingdom,isdotted with country villages set alongside rivers and lakes. There are not verytall but nonetheless rugged mountains in the north,and endless miles of rockycoastline that seem mystical. Ireland,too,isa paradise of greenery,with far fewer people than populous England and even more quaintvillages scattered among its low-lying hills and forever green fields. North Islandin New Zealandsports a balmy climate and the beaches to make use of it; one beach alone ismore than 150 kilometers long,and with relatively few people on its shores,onecan pretend one is at the very end of the earth. Volcanoes,large lakes,andquickly flowing rivers traverse the land. Given the beauty of these three islands,whatmakes South Island so special?
2.這樣說(shuō)勢(shì)必經(jīng)過(guò)一番競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在政治版圖上構(gòu)成英國(guó)的英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士的英格蘭本島，鄉(xiāng)間農(nóng)村沿著河岸和湖畔星羅棋布。北部的山雖不高但卻崎嶇不平，而綿延不絕的巖岸則展現(xiàn)出神秘的風(fēng)情。愛(ài)爾蘭也是綠色天堂，人口遠(yuǎn)不及人煙稠密的英格蘭，卻有更多古意盎然的農(nóng)村散布在低洼的山丘和常綠的田野間。新西蘭的北島以擁有溫和的氣候和可享受這宜人氣候的海灘為傲;光是一個(gè)海灘就超過(guò)150公里長(zhǎng)，而岸上人口相當(dāng)稀少，可以讓人假裝自己是在世界的盡頭。火山、大湖和湍急的河流橫桓全島。 既然這個(gè)三個(gè)島如此美麗，南島又有何特別指出?
3.Plenty. For those who like mountains,South Island is sure to please. Mt. Cookat 3,764 meters is its highest peak,with 16 others above 3,000 meters.Naturally,many local and foreign mountain climbers come here for the challengeof these Southern Alps. In addition,there isan extensive glacier system,endless forests,and innumerable lakes throughoutthis highland area. Some of the world's best mountain scenery is availablewithin the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.
3.那可多著呢。對(duì)那些喜愛(ài)大山者來(lái)說(shuō)，南島一定能取悅他們。南島的最高峰庫(kù)克山高3764米，另外還有16座超過(guò)3000米的山峰。自然而然地，許多國(guó)內(nèi)外的登山家來(lái)到此地挑戰(zhàn)南半球的阿爾卑斯山脈。此外，還有一個(gè)廣大的冰河系統(tǒng)、無(wú)止盡的森林和數(shù)不盡的湖泊遍布在這個(gè)高原帶。一些舉世無(wú)雙的山光水色可在這綿延的500公里長(zhǎng)的南阿爾卑斯山脈之間欣賞到。
4.Perhaps you prefer the sea? South Island is not only an island,but many tiny isletscan be found off its coastline. Great deep-sea fishing,scuba diving,andsnorkeling can be had,though the waters here are cooler than those of North Island.(Remember,in the Southern Hemisphere,as we go north,it gets warmer.) As fewerpeople live on South Island than on North Island,thosewho crave solitude and pristine beaches will be amazed at their luck here. Withalmost no heavy industry on South Island,theair,water,and land are all free of pollution. The local seafood is thereforeclean,plentiful,and never-ending.
4.也許你比較喜歡海?南島并不是一座島嶼，在它的外海還散布著眾多的小島嶼，可以從事深海釣魚(yú)、深海潛水和浮淺--雖然這里的水溫比起北島的水溫要來(lái)的低。(記住，在南半球愈往北走海水愈溫暖。)由于南島的人口比北島的少，喜愛(ài)獨(dú)處和原始海灘的人在此將會(huì)對(duì)于他們有幸來(lái)到這里而感到驚異。南島上幾乎沒(méi)有重工業(yè)，空氣、水和土地全都未受污染。當(dāng)?shù)氐暮ｕr因而干凈、富饒而且取之不盡。
5.Do healthfulclimates interest you? South Island is theplace to be. Its temperate climate sees little snow except in the highlands andmountainous areas. Like Irelandand England,thereare no extremes of temperature,either. Summers are warm,not hot,and winters arebrisk rather than freezing. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the abundantrainfall of this area. Every season invites the nature lover to get out and beactive in the countryside.
5.你對(duì)健康的氣候感興趣嗎?來(lái)南島這個(gè)地方就對(duì)了。除了在高原和山區(qū)地帶，這兒溫和的氣候很少降雪。就像愛(ài)爾蘭和英格蘭一樣，氣溫也不嚴(yán)酷。夏天暖和不熱，冬天則涼爽而不寒冷。清新的空氣有時(shí)會(huì)因這地區(qū)豐沛的降雨而潮濕。這里一年四季都適合愛(ài)好大自然的人出門(mén)到鄉(xiāng)間去活躍一番。
6.Of course,South Island is not for everyone. For those who needbusy,crowded,noisy,and polluted cities,this Southern outpost will surelydisappoint. For those who enjoy pressure and stress,South Island will leave them empty-handed. And for those who wouldrather stay at home or in an office in front of a computer screen or in thethumping,smoke-filled dance floors of discos,some of the world's best naturalscenery will never entice them away. For the rest of us,though,South Island is the world's best-kept secret. If Nature'sparadise sounds alluring,make a point of visiting South Island.
6.當(dāng)然，并非每個(gè)人都回喜歡南島。對(duì)那些需要繁忙、擁擠、嘈雜和受污染城市的'人而言，南半球的這個(gè)邊陲地區(qū)必定回讓他們感到失望;對(duì)那些喜歡壓力和緊張的人而言，南島將使他們空手而返;而那些寧愿待在家里或辦公室計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕前、或是窩在音樂(lè)震天響、煙霧彌漫的迪斯科舞池內(nèi)的人而言，世界上最棒的一些自然景色永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法誘使他們離開(kāi)。但是對(duì)我們其余的人而言，南島是世界最棒的秘境。如果大自然中的天堂聽(tīng)起來(lái)讓你覺(jué)得有吸引力，那么別忘了到南島去玩一玩。
25. Hints to ImproveSpoken English <原25>
提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)須知
1. Speaking Englishfluently and accurately is a goal of many people studying English in China.Fluency can be simply defined as "being able to communicate ideas withouthaving to stop and think too much about what one is saying"; speaking accuratelymeans "speaking without errors of grammar and vocabulary".
1、流利并準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)是中國(guó)許多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的一個(gè)目標(biāo)。流利可簡(jiǎn)單也定義為“具有交流各種思想的能力，無(wú)須停下來(lái)對(duì)話題進(jìn)行過(guò)多思考”。說(shuō)舌準(zhǔn)確的意思是“說(shuō)話不犯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和詞匯錯(cuò)誤”。
2. The problem isthat many students find that if they try to speak fast,they make more mistakes.And,if they slow down,there may be fewer errors but it can sound unnatural.So,how do balance accuracy and fluency in spoken English?
2、問(wèn)題在于：許多學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果他們?cè)噲D講得快，所犯錯(cuò)誤就更多。如果他們講話速度放慢，錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)減少，可是聽(tīng)上去就不自然。所以，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確與流利，如何才能平衡起來(lái)呢?
3. It can depend onthe manner in which one has studied English in the past. People who tend tofocus on accuracy may find that they worry too much about making mistakes. Thiscan make them nervous or embarrassed about speaking English in public. As aresult,their spoken English might not improve. This means that,although theyknow English grammar and vocabulary well,they might not be able to hold a goodconversation.
3、這可能取決于一個(gè)人過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的態(tài)度。那些往往注重于說(shuō)話準(zhǔn)確的人們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們對(duì)犯錯(cuò)誤操心過(guò)多。這可能導(dǎo)致他們?cè)诠妶?chǎng)合說(shuō)英語(yǔ)感到緊張或?qū)擂�。所以，他們的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)可能得不到提高。這就意味著，盡管他們掌握了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，也熟悉英語(yǔ)詞匯，他們可能不能成功地開(kāi)展對(duì)話。
4. On the otherhand,there are those who really like to talk and are willing to try theirlanguage out even if they make mistakes. This willingness to take risks helpsthem speak more fluidly. But,if they make a lot of mistakes,they may find itdifficult to get their ideas across.
4、另一方面，有一些人真的很喜歡說(shuō)話，而且就算講錯(cuò)，他們都愿意試著說(shuō)。這種敢于冒險(xiǎn)的意愿幫助他們說(shuō)得更流利。但是如果他們講話錯(cuò)誤百出，就會(huì)覺(jué)得很難表達(dá)自己的思想。
5. The debate aboutwhich is more important-fluency or accuracy-in the English language has lastedfor a long time. Still,one thing is clear: speaking a language well needs bothfluency and accuracy. How can we be sure that we can develop both? Thefollowing tips could help.
5、講英語(yǔ)流利重要還是準(zhǔn)確重要，關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辯論持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。然而，有一點(diǎn)是明確的，即說(shuō)好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言既要流利又要準(zhǔn)確。如何才能做到講話既流利又準(zhǔn)確呢?下面的建議也許會(huì)有所幫助。
6. Find theproblem. What kind of person are you-one who focuses on accuracy or one whofocuses on frequency? The first step is to recognize your problem and go to workon it. Think about situations where you've used English and how you felt aboutmaking mistakes? Do you always try some new language even though it might notbe correct? Or do you feel embarrassed by mistakes?
6、發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。你屬于怎樣的一類人?-你注重說(shuō)話準(zhǔn)確還是注重說(shuō)話流利?第一步是認(rèn)識(shí)到你的問(wèn)題，然后著手解決問(wèn)題。回想一下你使用過(guò)英語(yǔ)的若干情景，你對(duì)說(shuō)錯(cuò)有何感受?即使你不一定說(shuō)得對(duì)，你經(jīng)常試著講某種新學(xué)的語(yǔ)言嗎?你是否因犯錯(cuò)誤而感到困窘呢?
7. Focus on oneproblem at a time. When you speak English,find the mistakes you make mostoften. One mistake Chinese often make is omitting the "s" from thethird person singular verb. Or you may speak too slowly as if you weresearching for the right word and correct grammar. The next time you useEnglish,try to work on those problems you have identified. If it's fluency,tryto focus on it. If you have a problem with the third person singular,try toconcentrate on when you make such errors. Don't spend time thinking about othermistakes. By choosing an area to work on,you can isolate problems and helpyourself overcome them.
7、一次關(guān)注一個(gè)問(wèn)題。當(dāng)你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)，找到你最常犯的錯(cuò)誤。中國(guó)人常犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞漏掉“s”�；蛘吣憧赡苷f(shuō)得太慢，好像你在尋找合適的單詞和正確的語(yǔ)法似的。你下一次使用英語(yǔ)時(shí)，力求改正那些你已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到的問(wèn)題。如果是流利的問(wèn)題，那就力求講快些。如果你的問(wèn)題是在第三人稱單數(shù)，那就盡力專注于你犯此類錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候。不要費(fèi)時(shí)思考其他錯(cuò)誤。選定解決問(wèn)題的范疇，你就能使問(wèn)題孤立起來(lái)，各個(gè)擊破，這樣有助于自己克服問(wèn)題。
8. Vary yourpractice. If you go to an English comer or an English club,try to change thetypes of activities you take part in so that you practice both fluency andaccuracy. Public speaking allows you to slow down and be sure you have time toconcentrate on the language. Meanwhile,discussions are good practice forfluency,especially if you don't stop each time a mistake is made,
8、參加各種實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。如果你去參加英語(yǔ)角或英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部，設(shè)法改變你參加的活動(dòng)類型，以便訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)的流利性和準(zhǔn)確性。公共演講會(huì)使你放慢速度，并保證你有時(shí)間關(guān)注語(yǔ)言。同時(shí)，討論是很好的訓(xùn)練流利的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，如果你不是一出錯(cuò)就停，更是如此。
9. Learn thedifference between fluency and speed. Some Chinese think that speaking fast isthe same as speaking fluently. In fact,speaking fluently involves not onlyspeed. It also involves stress,pronunciation and intonation. If you make amistake in these,speaking fast will only make it worse. Don't sacrificeunderstanding for speed.
9、弄懂流利與速度的差異。有些中國(guó)人認(rèn)為。說(shuō)話迅速就是說(shuō)話流利。事實(shí)上，說(shuō)話流利不僅需要說(shuō)話速度，它同時(shí)還涉及重音、語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)調(diào)。如果你在這些方面犯有錯(cuò)誤，那么說(shuō)得快只會(huì)使你錯(cuò)得更厲害。不要為了速度而犧牲理解。
10. Try recordingyourself. Take a tape recorder and record a conversation with a friend or aspeech or monologue as you do it naturally! A two-or-three-minute recording isenough. When you've finished,listen to yourself. Can you identify and correctany errors? Make it a regular practice. The more you record yourself,the moreconfident and natural sounding you will become.
10、自己嘗試錄音。用錄音機(jī)錄下你與朋友的對(duì)話，或錄下你自己的落落大方的演講或獨(dú)白。錄音兩三分鐘就足夠了。錄音完畢，專心傾聽(tīng)你自己的錄音。你能辨認(rèn)并矯正錯(cuò)誤嗎?把這種錄音當(dāng)做常規(guī)練習(xí)。你自己錄音越多，你就越有自信，你的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)上去會(huì)更自然。
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