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英語中句子的成分參考

時(shí)間:2023-04-06 01:29:20 英語句子 我要投稿
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英語中句子的成分參考

  主語是句子敘述的主體,可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句等來承擔(dān)。 謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語由動(dòng)詞來承擔(dān)。

英語中句子的成分參考

  賓語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。

  定語是句子中修飾名詞,代詞或其它名詞化的詞。

  狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、分句以至句子的成分。狀語根據(jù)語義可分為時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)構(gòu)狀語、程度狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、方式狀語、方面狀語、伴隨狀語和句子狀語。

  定語則屬于短語內(nèi)部修飾名詞的成分,與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞詞類的中心詞構(gòu)成名詞短語,有前置定語和后置定語之分。名詞短語、形容詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和定語從句都可以充當(dāng)定語。

  補(bǔ)語是述補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中補(bǔ)充說明述語的結(jié)果、程度、趨向、可能、狀態(tài)、數(shù)量等的成分。

  補(bǔ)語與述語之間是補(bǔ)充與被補(bǔ)充、說明與被說明的關(guān)系。

  表語表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的,表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng),它常位于連系動(dòng)詞(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后

  He hit me in the face.

  he是主語,hit是謂語,me是賓語

  He is a happy boy.happy是定語

  I found nobody was there when I

  got home. When i got home是時(shí)間狀語(此外還有地點(diǎn)狀語,原因狀語,目的狀語,條件狀語等)

  I found him dead. dead是賓補(bǔ)

  He was found dead.dead做主補(bǔ)

  I am happy. am是系動(dòng)詞,happy是表語。

  英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)

  一.簡單句:

  英語基本句型-1

  主系表結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”組成,主要用以說明主語的特征,類屬,狀態(tài),身份等。 系動(dòng)詞有:

  1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;

  2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;

  3.表示狀態(tài)變化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;

  eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.

  The cake tastes delicious.

  The potatoes went bad in the fields.

  Deep water stays still.

  He was at work.

  She is in good health.

  It is beyond my ability.

  I was at a loss.

  You are under arrest.

  英語基本句型-2

  主謂結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語加不及物的謂語動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成, 常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作。

  如:The sun rises.

  Tom has already left.

  主語可有修飾語-定語,謂語可有修飾語-狀語。

  如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.

  2. They had to travel by air or boat.

  3. She sat there alone.

  4. He came back when we were eating.

  5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。

  英語基本句型-3

  主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語”構(gòu)成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。 如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.

  2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.

  3. They haven’t decided where to go next.

  4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.

  英語基本句型-4

  雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu):此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(事物)”組成。如: He brings me cookies every day.

  但若要先說出直接賓語(事物),后說間接賓語(人),則要借助于介詞to或for。如: He brings cookies to me every day.

  She made a beautiful dress for me.

  用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向,表示朝著,向著,對(duì)著某人。

  用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者,表示為了某人,替某人。

  常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;

 。ㄐ杞柚鷉or 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

  英語基本句型-5

  復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu): 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語補(bǔ)足語用來補(bǔ)充和說明賓語的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn),若無賓語補(bǔ)足語,則句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補(bǔ)的有:名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動(dòng)詞不定式,分詞等。

  如: The sun keeps us warm.

  I heard him singing.

  They made Tom monitor.

  He used to do his homework with his radio on.

  My mother asked me to clean my room.

  The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.

  用 it 做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即:主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如:

  I found it very pleasant to be with your family.

  也可以說 I found it was pleasant to be with your family. 它們的區(qū)別在于第一個(gè)是簡單句第二個(gè)是復(fù)合句,意思都是一樣的。

  英語基本句型-6

  There be 句型: 此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成,用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“??有??”。 它其實(shí)是全倒裝的一種情況,主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后,there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞,并無實(shí)際語意。此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等,但一般不用have。如: There stands a hill in the middle of the park.

  Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.

  Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致,有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如:

  現(xiàn)在有 there is/are ?

  過去有 there was/were?

  將來有 there will be?;there is /are going to be...

  現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been?

  可能有 there might be...

  肯定有 there must be ?/there must have been...

  過去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be ?

  似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be ?

  碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ?

  Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

  The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.

  There used to be a cinema here before the war.

  二.并列句。

  結(jié)構(gòu):

  1.由分號(hào)連接。

  eg. Some people cry; others laugh.

  Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.

  2.由并列連詞及詞組連接-——and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /both?and?/not only?but also?/as well as/

  or else/ either?or?/neither?nor?/not?but?等。

  eg: I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.

  I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed.

  Both my father and mother are teachers.

  It’s very good, yet I don’t like it.

  三、復(fù)合句

  構(gòu)成:由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),但主句是全局的主體,從句只是全句中的一個(gè)成分,不能獨(dú)立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的,引導(dǎo)詞起連接主句和從句的作用。

  分類:名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句),形容詞性從句(定語從句),副詞性從句(狀語從句)。

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