隨著2017考研的到來(lái)，考生們也在積極尋找相關(guān)的考研真題以及答案了。下面是小編為大家整理收集的關(guān)于2016考研初試英語(yǔ)一真題及答案的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.
1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)空格所在句子的內(nèi)容可以判斷，"擇偶涉及男方的親朋好友，_____女方的親朋好友"顯然前后是并列關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)as well as 表示并列關(guān)系。
2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)得知空格處需要填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空格后面的賓語(yǔ)是"…配偶"，所以根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配的原則，D選項(xiàng) decide on可以與后面的賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成通順語(yǔ)義：選擇配偶。所以D項(xiàng)正確。
3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone
【答案】C
【解析】此題考查的仍是動(dòng)賓搭配，空格處后面的內(nèi)容the marriage negotiation，只能與選項(xiàng)C arrange構(gòu)成通順語(yǔ)義，"安排…磋商"，故選C。
4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example
【答案】A In theory
【解析】根據(jù)空格后面的內(nèi)容，得知女孩可能會(huì)否定她的父母為其所選的配偶;句中的may 表示的是一種可能性。所以，與原文句子內(nèi)容表達(dá)一致的，只有A選項(xiàng) in theory。
5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless
【答案】C
【解析】空格處所在的句子是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，逗號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)判斷，前后內(nèi)容存在時(shí)間上的先后性，所以C選項(xiàng)after正確。
6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through
【答案】A into
【解析】原文：each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying _______ a good family. 每個(gè)家庭調(diào)查另一個(gè)家庭，確保孩子娶或嫁到一個(gè)好家庭。此處需要填入一個(gè)介詞，嫁入另一個(gè)家庭，介詞選擇into最合適。故選A。
7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so
【答案】C
【解析】若要判斷此空的答案，需要看到前后文的具體含義和邏輯關(guān)系�？崭裆习刖湔f(shuō)：原來(lái)傳統(tǒng)婚禮持續(xù)三天，后半句說(shuō)：到20世紀(jì)80年代婚禮通常持續(xù)1天半，顯然前后文形成了對(duì)比，故選C。
8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create
【答案】C
【解析】原文：Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and______ prayers of blessing.佛教神職人員提供一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的布道和__________祈禱祝福。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有recite prayers為其固定搭配，意為"誦經(jīng)"。故選C。
9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying
【答案】D
【解析】原文：________ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, 把浸泡在圣水中的棉線______在新娘和新郎的手腕。A folding 折疊; B piling 堆積;C wrapping 包裹;以上三項(xiàng)均不符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)tying，綁，系。
10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving
【答案】B
【解析】原文： around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union.在一圈婚姻幸福美滿和德高望重的情侶中_________一根蠟燭來(lái)祝福他們。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，A lighting，點(diǎn)亮，C hiding隱藏，D serving 服務(wù);均不合適，只能選B passing 傳遞。故選B。
11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union
【答案】D
【解析】該句講到：圍坐在新婚夫婦身邊祝福他們的____。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知應(yīng)填入團(tuán)聚的含義，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中union可以表示團(tuán)聚之意，為正確答案。
12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live
【答案】 D
【解析】該句意思是：傳統(tǒng)意義上講新婚夫婦搬去新娘的父母家，并和他們______長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年之久。前文講到新婚夫婦搬去新娘的父母家，后文應(yīng)保持一致性，"和他們生活在一起"，故live為正確答案。
13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if
【答案】 B
【解析】該句意思是：新婚夫婦搬去新娘的父母家，并和他們______長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年之久，______他們能夠在附近建造新房�？崭裥枰钊脒壿嬤B接詞，前后為時(shí)間先后關(guān)系，故代入until，語(yǔ)義合理，"直到他們?cè)煨路恐岸甲≡谛履锔改讣?quot;。前后文無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折，可排除whereas然而。for表原因，if表?xiàng)l件，代入均不合理。因此答案為until。
14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid
【答案】 A
【解析】該句意思是：離婚是合法的并容易______，但并不普遍。填入詞應(yīng)與legal感情色彩一致，故排除avoid(避免)及challenge(挑戰(zhàn)，質(zhì)疑)，而follow(跟隨)一詞通常不與divorce搭配。選項(xiàng)obtain代入語(yǔ)境中，obtain a divorce可以表示獲得離婚，搭配合理，語(yǔ)義通順，為正確答案。
15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed
【答案】C
【解析】該句意思是：人們______離婚的人是反對(duì)的。此處需填入動(dòng)作，isolated隔離，persuaded勸說(shuō)，viewed看待、視為，exposed暴露、揭露。代入文中viewed是最合理的，人們看待離婚的人持反對(duì)態(tài)度的。因此答案為viewed。
16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever
【答案】D
【解析】此處空前有動(dòng)詞retain， 因此需要填入一個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句， 并且與property搭配，共同充當(dāng)從句中的賓語(yǔ)。因此排除A選項(xiàng)wherever"無(wú)論何地"和C選項(xiàng)whenever"無(wú)論何時(shí)"。B 選項(xiàng)"however"，作"但是"解，與句意不服， 作"無(wú)論多么"理解， 后面常跟形容詞，而非名詞。 而whatever 與property搭配，可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)，表示"一切財(cái)產(chǎn)"，因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed
【答案】B
【解析】此處需要填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，能和property 形成動(dòng)賓搭配。A選項(xiàng)changed意為"改變"， B選項(xiàng)brought意為"帶來(lái)"，C選項(xiàng)shaped意為"形成"，D選項(xiàng)pushed意為"推搡"。因此符合文意，能夠和財(cái)產(chǎn)搭配的只能是選項(xiàng)B。
18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn
【答案】A
【解析】空格處是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 此處需要填入一個(gè)與jointly-acquired property(共同獲得的財(cái)產(chǎn))形成動(dòng)賓搭配的動(dòng)詞。同時(shí)此處的情境是討論離婚時(shí)的行為， 因此A選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。
19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks
【答案】C
【解析】此處考察固定詞組。C選項(xiàng)show up意為"顯現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)"。后文提到離婚后，男士可以立即重婚， 而女士必須要等十個(gè)月，可知符合文意，并且能夠和"性別歧視"搭配的只能是選項(xiàng)C。
20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in that
【答案】A
【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。上文指出，離婚男士在他再婚前沒(méi)有一個(gè)等候期，空格后提到"女性必須要等待10個(gè)月"，顯然，這二者之間不是因果關(guān)系，因此排除B選項(xiàng) so that"所以"和D選項(xiàng)in that"因?yàn)?quot;，也不是C選項(xiàng)once"一旦"所表達(dá)的條件關(guān)系，因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】完型填空為了測(cè)試考生實(shí)際應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的能力和語(yǔ)感。具體說(shuō)來(lái)，是從語(yǔ)篇的角度綜合測(cè)試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對(duì)英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的熟悉程度、以及語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用。這部分大家一定要注重思路和尋找線索能力的訓(xùn)練，一般做題的基本思路是，根據(jù)已知信息去填空，根據(jù)空前后的線索來(lái)選擇填什么。比方說(shuō)，題目讓考生填主句的內(nèi)容，那么從句中就會(huì)有相應(yīng)的說(shuō)明。題目讓考生填動(dòng)詞，原文常常在別的地方出現(xiàn)這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的同義詞。那么如何判斷呢?首先根據(jù)需要填寫(xiě)動(dòng)詞后面出現(xiàn)的賓語(yǔ)，找到有同一賓語(yǔ)的句子，該句中的動(dòng)詞就是所需填寫(xiě)詞的同義詞。具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)沖刺階段英語(yǔ)沖刺班的完型填空部分有重點(diǎn)講解，在強(qiáng)化班完形填空及考研詞匯中也有所涉及。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be redefined
[B] New runways would be constructed
[C] Websites about dieting would thrive
[D] The fashion industry would decline
【答案】A
【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干first paragraph定位第一段，其中第一句France ,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.以作為全球時(shí)尚創(chuàng)新者為榮的法國(guó)承認(rèn)已經(jīng)失去定義女性形體美的絕對(duì)權(quán)利，說(shuō)明法國(guó)以前制定的形體美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已不再適用，現(xiàn)在需要做出改變，故A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to
[A] heightening the value of
[B] indicating the state of
[C] losing faith in
[D] doing harm to
【答案】D
【解析】詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段的第二句"They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health."(他們認(rèn)為美女不應(yīng)該以…健康的外表來(lái)界定)。該句承接本段第一句"Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives."其中，Such measures指代的正是第一段中闡述的"雇傭過(guò)瘦(excessive thinness)的模特會(huì)犯罪的法律規(guī)定"，且excessive一詞表明了情感色彩是貶義的。因此選[D] doing harm to。
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry
[A] The French measures have already failed
[B] New standards are being set in Denmark
[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure
[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位在原文第五段。由該段第二句可知，丹麥等國(guó)正在制定模特的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。與選項(xiàng)[B]丹麥正在制定新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相符合，故正確。
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
[A] setting perfect physical conditions
[B] caring too much about models' character
[C] showing little concern for health factors
[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models
【答案】C
【解析】推理題。題干問(wèn)的是"設(shè)計(jì)師似乎被CFW拒絕的原因"。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，回文定位到倒數(shù)第二段，其中指出"…enforcement is to deny access for designers…"，意思是"法案拒絕設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)入CFW，它是由丹麥時(shí)裝學(xué)院創(chuàng)辦的。"，再根據(jù)該段前兩句可知，麥時(shí)裝學(xué)院不再只關(guān)注身材，也關(guān)注健康。而設(shè)計(jì)師一般都是以瘦為美，而忽視健康。綜上所述，設(shè)計(jì)師被拒絕的原因是不考慮健康因素，故選[C] showing little concern for health factors。
25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?
[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals
[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France
[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty
[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
【答案】A
【解析】主旨題。首段指出法律要求時(shí)尚界不能用過(guò)瘦的模特，接下來(lái)的段落重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明時(shí)尚界的模特同時(shí)還需考慮年紀(jì)，健康以及其他方面的因素等。因此這篇文章的中心是圍繞對(duì)時(shí)尚界理想體型觀點(diǎn)的挑戰(zhàn)，故[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals正確。
Text 2
For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,
even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.
The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside
[A] is not well reflected in politics
[B] is fully backed by the royal family
[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age
[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS
【答案】A
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干"英國(guó)大眾對(duì)于鄉(xiāng)村的觀點(diǎn)"，可定位于文章的第一段。從文章第一段的后半段能得出：英國(guó)人民在民意調(diào)查中將"鄉(xiāng)村"和王室、莎士比亞以及英國(guó)國(guó)民保健制度并列選為英國(guó)讓他們最為自豪的四個(gè)方面，但是這種觀點(diǎn)得到的政治支持卻極為有限。A選項(xiàng)"is not well reflected in politics"在政治中沒(méi)有得到很好的體現(xiàn)是對(duì)原文意思的同義替換，故選A。
27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being
[A] largely overshadowed
[B] properly protected
[C] effectively reinforced
[D] gradually destroyed
【答案】D
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干很明確能回文定位到文章第二段。該段通過(guò)第一句的"a century ago"和后面的"later"可知是在做古今對(duì)比。題干中問(wèn)的是"now"，所以重點(diǎn)鎖定在對(duì)比中的后半部分，而這部分中"They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it."一句表明現(xiàn)在的National Trust已背離了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已經(jīng)消失了。D選項(xiàng) gradually destroyed正是對(duì)這一意思的表述，故選D。
28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development
[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building
[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation
[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題�；匚亩ㄎ坏降谌�，該段主要講了各大黨派對(duì)于這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)(及第一段中提到的觀點(diǎn))的態(tài)度：基本都不贊同。最后一部分"only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pledging for a considered approach to using green land"該句說(shuō)明只有Ukip這個(gè)黨派是贊同這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要保護(hù)鄉(xiāng)村的。C選項(xiàng)正是對(duì)原文的同義置換，故選C。
29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference
[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area
[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
【答案】D
【解析】本題屬于觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，根據(jù)George Osborne 可以定位到文中第五段。文中提到George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. 后面一句還提到He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. 通過(guò)這兩句話可以看出GO是比較喜歡rural的，而通過(guò)兩個(gè)against 則可以看出對(duì)urban areas的prejudice. 故選擇D。
30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of
[A] the size of population in Britain
[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain
[D] the political life in today's Britain
【答案】C
【解析】本題屬于觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，根據(jù)最后一段第一句話可以確定本段的中心是第一句Development should be planned, not let trip, 說(shuō)明發(fā)展是要有計(jì)劃的，不能任其自由發(fā)展。然后再具體講Britain經(jīng)過(guò)半個(gè)世紀(jì)the town-and-country planning有計(jì)劃的發(fā)展，取得了很好的成效。故選擇C the town-and-country planning in Britain.
Text 3
"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with
[A]uncertainty
[B]skepticism
[C]approval
[D]tolerance
【答案】A
【解析】態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Milton Friedman, CSR 可以定位到第一段開(kāi)頭處，米爾頓·弗里德曼認(rèn)為："企業(yè)有且只有一種責(zé)任，為增加利潤(rùn)而運(yùn)用資源，開(kāi)展活動(dòng)"。緊接著文章轉(zhuǎn)折并提出"things may not be absolutely clear-cut"。情況并不明確。由此推知，作者對(duì)此的態(tài)度是uncertainty。
32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by
[A]guarding it against malpractices
[B]protecting it from consumers
[C]winning trust from consumers.
[D]raising the quality of its products
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段，以及題干中的關(guān)鍵詞CSR，公司花大筆資金在CSR上面，其結(jié)果就是"this could add value to their business in three ways", "以三種方式分別給公司帶來(lái)價(jià)值"。緊接著文章分別闡述三種方式，得出正確答案為D。
33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to
[A]less controversial
[B]more lasting
[C]more effective
[D]less severe
【答案】D
【解析】詞義題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到第四段第一句。通過(guò)該段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影響是對(duì)立的兩個(gè)因素。而第二句冒號(hào)后面交代，參與政治活動(dòng)較多的公司不會(huì)受到較低的罰款。這就意味著，反而具有全面的CSR項(xiàng)目的公司受到的罰款比較低。因此，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可以推出第一句話中的more lenient penalties指less severe，即不那么嚴(yán)重的(寬大)的懲罰。因此正確答案為D。
34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record
[A]comes across as reliable evidence
[B]has an impact on their decision
[C]increases the chance of being penalized
[D]constitutes part of the investigation
【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的prosecutors evaluate a case回文定位到第五段第二句。該句指出雖然檢察官在評(píng)估一個(gè)案件時(shí)，應(yīng)該基于其功績(jī)，實(shí)際上還是受到了公司CSR記錄的影響。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。
35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?
[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown
[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated
[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked
[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到最后一段。該段首句指出，研究者們承認(rèn)他們的研究沒(méi)有解決的問(wèn)題是：針對(duì)CSR各大企業(yè)到底該支出多少費(fèi)用。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。
Text 4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."
Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription.
"It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."
36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to
[A] the increasing online and sales
[B] the pressure from its investors
[C] the complaints from its readers
[D] the high cost of operation
【答案】D
【解析】從題干提取關(guān)鍵詞ending和due to 定位到第二段主題句中的 incentive to ditch the print (放棄印刷的原因)。隨后解釋了infrastructure isn't just expensive (設(shè)備不僅僅是昂貴)。此外，該段還對(duì)比對(duì)手電子圖書(shū)：don't have the same set of financial constraints(經(jīng)濟(jì)限制)。因此可以確定答案D。
37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should
[A] make strategic adjustments
[B] end the print sedition for good
[C] seek new sources of leadership
[D] aim for efficient management
【答案】A
【解析】首先根據(jù)Peretti suggests定位到闡述Peretti觀點(diǎn)的第四段第一句：Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.可以確定答案A。
38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"
[A] helps restore the glory of former times
[B] is meant for the most loyal customers
[C] will have the cost of printing reduced
[D] expands the popularity of the paper
【答案】B
【解析】本題答案定位到第6段第1句"The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor"以及"make it for the people who are already obsessed with it"。
39. Peretti believes that in a changing world
[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected
[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving
[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges
[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)題干中的"in a changing world"定位到文章最后一段最后一句. 原文說(shuō)當(dāng)市場(chǎng)和世界形勢(shì)發(fā)生變化時(shí)，我們所做的事情就毫無(wú)意義了。在這種情形下，"more aggressive(積極進(jìn)取)is better", 和答案中的關(guān)鍵信息"aggressiveness better"相呼應(yīng)。
40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] shift to online newspapers all at once
[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand
[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good
【答案】D
【解析】本文主要是講述報(bào)紙行業(yè)為防止被淘汰的而需要做出的應(yīng)對(duì)之策。根據(jù)文中第5段最后一句的"raise prices, and make it into more of a legacy product"以及第6段中"increase it at a higher rate each year..."可得知，應(yīng)該把報(bào)紙變成一種更像文化遺產(chǎn)的一種產(chǎn)品，并且要不斷提高報(bào)紙的價(jià)格，變成一種奢侈品。
【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】今年四篇文章來(lái)自于衛(wèi)報(bào)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人等，整體難度，相對(duì)于去年而言，略微簡(jiǎn)單。第一篇文章的講是法國(guó)時(shí)尚界要保護(hù)模特的身體健康，所以要嚴(yán)禁使用那些很瘦的模特。第二篇文章是講英國(guó)的綠地，鄉(xiāng)村的綠地要保護(hù)好。第三篇文章講的是美國(guó)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)公司如果注重社會(huì)責(zé)任的話，這個(gè)公司就算是在法律訴訟的時(shí)候，檢查人員也會(huì)潛意識(shí)地為其說(shuō)好話。第四篇文章講的是要不要停止這個(gè)紐約時(shí)代報(bào)紙印刷，采取的相關(guān)政策方法是讓報(bào)紙價(jià)格貴一點(diǎn)。在我們整體的考研閱讀當(dāng)中，所需要具備的一個(gè)最重要的能力就是如何去看到題目之后，定準(zhǔn)了位，并且找到那個(gè)我們真正應(yīng)該找到的位置，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中去找意思的原文最匹配的選項(xiàng)。具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)沖刺階段英語(yǔ)沖刺班閱讀理解部分有重點(diǎn)講解，在基礎(chǔ)班閱讀基礎(chǔ)部分的段與篇、謀篇、題型精析課程，和強(qiáng)化班的閱讀理解A部分也均有涉及。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)
[A] Create a new image of yourself
[B] Decide if the time is right
[C] Have confidence in yourself
[D]Understand the context
[E]Work with professionals
[F]Make it efficient
[G]Know your goals
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41
【答案】B
【解析】該段中出現(xiàn)了表示時(shí)間的詞匯和短語(yǔ)：during transitions; in a period of , time。在不同的時(shí)間段，作者給出了不同的策略。瀏覽標(biāo)題發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有選項(xiàng)B出現(xiàn)了表示時(shí)間的詞匯。本段第二句中的good與小標(biāo)題中的right也恰好對(duì)應(yīng)，因此確定正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
As an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK
42
【答案】G
【解析】該段首句提到"弄清楚你希望達(dá)到的效果"，然后以問(wèn)句形式提出段落主題，接著分兩個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述：目標(biāo)不同，要求不同。本段第一句話中的"get clear"與小標(biāo)題中的"know"屬于同義表達(dá)，并且本段第三句話中the goal 與小標(biāo)題中的goal完全對(duì)應(yīng)，因此正確答案為G選項(xiàng)。
Get clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It's OK to use characterizations like that )
43
【答案】D
【解析】該段第一句話提到"要像人類(lèi)學(xué)家一樣來(lái)考慮你的工作環(huán)境"，接著給出了幾個(gè)排比的問(wèn)句，都是針對(duì)工作環(huán)境的具體細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)問(wèn)。最重要的是在結(jié)尾部分，作者總結(jié)評(píng)論道，"The better you …, the more control you …"，意為"對(duì)文化背景理解得越好，對(duì)自己的影響力就有越好的控制"。很明顯，這句話凸顯了context的重要性，而且出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)understand和context。因此，答案選D選項(xiàng)。
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44
【答案】E
【解析】本段按照總分的形式安排，并且在首句給出兩處關(guān)鍵詞professionals 和 share with，即"支持專(zhuān)家的意見(jiàn)，并且與其分享個(gè)人的目標(biāo)"。下文是舉例論述，例如去找私人造型師而不是理發(fā)師等。緊接著下文就給出 "work with a professional photographer"讓專(zhuān)業(yè)人士拍照片而不是自己的朋友或者是配偶。因此可以得出結(jié)論本段是圍繞專(zhuān)業(yè)人士professionals 的重要性來(lái)展開(kāi)的。故選擇 Work with professionals.
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.
45
【答案】F
【解析】該段落主題句出現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)折之后，即"Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue."，其中it指代上一句中style upgrade。通過(guò)前后兩句話對(duì)比指出目的是利用style upgrade作為機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)reduce decision fatigue(減少?zèng)Q定疲乏)，從而來(lái)提高辦事效率。后兩句話作為論據(jù)進(jìn)一步論證這一觀點(diǎn)，因此答案選F選項(xiàng)。
【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】新題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力。新題型有三種題型，不同的題型考查的重點(diǎn)不同，因此有不同的解題思路和技巧，需要考生全面把握，尤其是對(duì)于完形填句(段)題和排序題，是對(duì)語(yǔ)言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測(cè)試，因此在要求上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于小標(biāo)題選擇題和觀點(diǎn)例證題，考生有必要對(duì)這類(lèi)題型的答題思路多練習(xí)，以提高自己在這個(gè)部分的應(yīng)試能力。具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)沖刺階段英語(yǔ)沖刺班新題型部分有重點(diǎn)講解，在基礎(chǔ)班閱讀基礎(chǔ)部分的閱讀理解B(新題型)，和強(qiáng)化班的閱讀理解B部分也均有涉及。
The point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.
(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
46、【參考譯文】我們不必一定去學(xué)習(xí)如何做到心理健康，這種能力植根于我們自身，就像我們的身體知道如何愈合傷口，如何修復(fù)斷骨。
【解析】分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子：第一個(gè)句子主干為we don't have to learn，how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作learn的賓語(yǔ)，其中how表示方式;第二個(gè)句子主干為it is built into us，其中代詞it指代前句提及的mental health; in the same way表示方式，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其中又嵌套了how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作know的賓語(yǔ)。
47、【參考譯文】心理健康不會(huì)去往他方。如同烏云可能蔽日，心理健康可能會(huì)暫時(shí)隱藏于視線之外，但它完全可以在須臾之間復(fù)原如初。
【解析】分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子：第一個(gè)句子為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句;第二個(gè)句子為but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，主干為it can be hidden, but it is capable of being restored，其中介詞短語(yǔ)like the sun behind a cloud表示比喻。in an instant：立刻，立即。
48、【參考譯文】心理健康使我們?cè)谒讼萑胛ｋy之時(shí)給予同情，痛苦不已時(shí)給予善意，無(wú)論對(duì)誰(shuí)，都能給予無(wú)條件的愛(ài)。
【解析】本句主干為：mental health allows us to view others…，三個(gè)并列的介詞短語(yǔ)with..表示伴隨。其中分別嵌套了if引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句和no matter who引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
49、【參考譯文】盡管心理健康是人們度過(guò)一生的一劑萬(wàn)能良藥，但它又普通不已，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你需要做出艱難決定時(shí)，都可感受到它的存在。
【解析】句子主干是it is perfectly ordinary。it指代前文提及的mental health;although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其主干為mental health is the cure-all。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其主干為you will see;that引導(dǎo)從句做see的賓語(yǔ)，其主干為it has been there to direct you。cure-all：合成名詞，萬(wàn)靈藥。
50、【參考譯文】就像你會(huì)漸漸明白，深悉心理健康一直觸手可得并且值得信任，使我們能放慢生活腳步，活在當(dāng)下，幸福生活。
【解析】句子主干是knowing that…and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily。兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)knowing…并列作主句的主語(yǔ)，其中that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作knowing的賓語(yǔ)。句首的as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾整個(gè)主句，翻譯時(shí)可以處理為"就像…，正如…"。
【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】翻譯考查考生在準(zhǔn)確理解的基礎(chǔ)上，按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)拆分句子，準(zhǔn)確、通順?lè)g漢語(yǔ)的能力。本次考試的翻譯考點(diǎn)主要包含對(duì)并列句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句及固定詞組等翻譯的考查。具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)沖刺階段英語(yǔ)沖刺班的翻譯部分有重點(diǎn)講解，在基礎(chǔ)班語(yǔ)法、長(zhǎng)難句基礎(chǔ)部分，和強(qiáng)化班的翻譯及長(zhǎng)短句部分也均有涉及。
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【參考范文】
Notice
For better serving the international students, a notice is released here to provide the necessary information about the library.
The university library opens at 8 a.m. and closes at 10 p.m. from Monday to Friday, but from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekends. If you need to borrow books, please follow the following steps. First, bring your student card and register first at the librarian's office. At most six books can be borrowed once from the library. You should keep in mind the days that you can keep the book(s) you borrow. Three months is the longest period. If you exceed the limited time, some fines should be paid.
If you have any questions or suggestions about borrowing or returning books, telephone 010-8248119 or send an email to university@xxx.com. We sincerely hope you all enjoy the study and life in our university.
University Library
December 26, 2015
【試題點(diǎn)評(píng)】具體相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)沖刺階段英語(yǔ)沖刺班的作文部分有重點(diǎn)講解，在基礎(chǔ)班的詞匯基礎(chǔ)、語(yǔ)法、長(zhǎng)難句基礎(chǔ)等部分，和強(qiáng)化班的寫(xiě)作部分也均有涉及。
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures In your essay, you should
1) describe the pictures briefly
2) interpret the meaning , and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)
52、【參考范文】
The above two pictures reveal two father's different teaching methods. In the first picture, the father is urging his son to study hard while he is smoking and watching TV idly. In the second picture, the father and his son are both concentrating on the study. The caption under the cartoon reads: "It is better to set an example than to make demands".
Apparently, the author of the cartoon focuses on a fact that many parents when educating their children tend to neglect the impact of their own acts upon their children. It is without any doubt that all parents hope that their children could have a bright future. Therefore, they tend to count on schools and the society to provide their kids with a good education. However, what they don't realize is that parents are the first teachers of children. Parents failing to set a role model for their children will only result in an unhealthy family atmosphere, which is definitely harmful to the future development of their children.
From my perspective, education from parents is of vital importance to a child's healthy growth. Therefore, parents should provide their children with a favorable growing environment by being a positive role model. Only through persistent efforts and proper guidance can children enjoy a bright future.
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