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GRE必知的38個數(shù)學常識,分分鐘搞定!

發(fā)布時間:2017-01-09 編輯:biyu

  1. 都是實數(shù),沒有虛數(shù)

  2. 10進制,除非另外說明。

  3. billion是10的9次方,dozen是12個,π是3.14近似

  4. 23.5近似到個位是24, 123.985近似到百分位是123.99,36.5近似到個位是37

  5. 循環(huán)小數(shù)的循環(huán)節(jié)上畫一個橫線。

  6. factor因子,可正可負,因子一般都是整數(shù),倍數(shù)不一定

  7. 最小公倍數(shù)和最大公約數(shù)

  8. 余數(shù)、被除數(shù)、除數(shù)、商的定義

  9. 質(zhì)數(shù)的定義

  10. 奇數(shù)偶數(shù)不一定是正數(shù)

  11. 0既不是正的,也不是負的

  12. 小于等于、大于等于、約等于、不等于、絕對值、平方根、階乘、平行、垂直等的符號需要知道

  13. 沒有定義的情況:分母為0,根號下面為負數(shù),0的0次方

  14. 有時候,字母擺在一起不表示乘法,比如consider a three-digit integer denotedby XYZ, where X, Y, and Z are digits.

  15. 如果一個函數(shù)的定義域沒有明說,那么就默認是整個實數(shù)范圍,復(fù)合函數(shù)會考。

  16. 只考歐幾里德平面,三角形內(nèi)角和180

  17. 直線沒有端點

  18. 多邊形是凸的,閉合的

  19. 解析幾何一般都是按照比例畫的

  20. non-empty sets, empty set,intersection, union, disjoint sets or mutually exclusive sets

  21. the integers from 0 to 9, inclusive。 包括了10個元素,而during the years from 1985 to 2005 不管說不說inclusive都包括了21年

  22. measures of central tendency,measures of position, measures of dispersion

  23. 如果有偶數(shù)個數(shù),那么median表示按照升序排列的這串數(shù)字的中間兩個數(shù)的算術(shù)平均

  24. mode可以不只一個

  25. quartile可以指那個點,也可以指一個區(qū),比如the cow’sweight is in the third quartile of the weights of the herd 這個時候quartile 就是指一個區(qū)域group

  26. 25th percentile = the firstquartile; the 50th percentile equals the second quartile, or median; the 75thpercentile equals the third quartile.

  27. standard deviation of the datarefers to the nonnegative square root of the mean of the squared differencesbetween m and each of the data. also known as the population standard deviationand is not to be confused with the sample standard deviation. Sample standarddeviation is divided by n-1 for technical reasons.

  28. frequency distribution

  29. relative frequency distributions

  30. the mean of the random variable X isthe sum of the products XP(X) for all values of X.

  31. the mean of a random variable X isalso called the expected value of X or the mean of the probability distributionof X

  32. In any group of data, most of thedata are within about 3 standard deviations above or below the mean.

  33. The process of subtracting the meanfrom each value and then dividing the result by the standard deviation iscalled standardization. It's a useful tool because for each data value, itprovides a measure of position relative to the rest of the data independentlyof the variable for which the data was collected and the units of the variable.

  34. universal set

  35. median 把曲線下面的面積平均分成兩塊面積相等的部分,mean要算上這塊面積的重量,所以og上那個圖的mean要在median的右邊,因為越往右,越重

  36. 所以median是halving point, 而mean is the balance point

  37. box-and-whisker plot 5個點L Q1 Q2 Q3 G 可以立刻看到median, interquartile range and range.

  38. 正態(tài)分布:2%,14%,34%,34%,14%,2%

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