1. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.

　　翻譯：一個社會設計出來保存自己的方法形成了來保持那個社會認為最重要的一些文化遺產(chǎn)的方面。

　　2. 1.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted。

　　那種能在最大程度上增加一個個體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量的性別比是有益的，并因此能增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復制品的數(shù)量。

　　3. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy。

　　雖然古特曼承認，由于奴隸買賣而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸們還是比較偏向于一夫一妻——這種偏愛在那些奴隸買賣并不頻繁的種植園里表現(xiàn)得最為顯著。

　　4. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908， abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve‘s blindness to the real nature of great writing， found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments， and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.

　　譯文：Fallois提出，Proust曾試圖于1908年開始寫一部小說，后又因為某一原因——即Saint-Beuve長期以來所展現(xiàn)出的對偉大文學作品真正本質的盲目無知——而放棄了它，發(fā)現(xiàn)該文章引發(fā)了某些個人的回憶和小說虛構情節(jié)的發(fā)展，并最終讓這些內(nèi)容以小說這一穩(wěn)定形式取而代之。

　　5.The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment.

　　第一組患者全部由專攻運動醫(yī)學的Dr. Newland治療肌肉損傷，他們在療程中經(jīng)常服用抗生素。

　　6. .So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.

　　現(xiàn)代社會是如此的嶄新和復雜以至于回首了解過去對于當代生活已經(jīng)沒有太大幫助了