今天我們一起來攻克雅思閱讀的另一個難關(guān)—長難句,我選擇的這篇文章是劍4閱讀真題的第四套第二篇。做過題的同學(xué)會發(fā)現(xiàn),這篇文章滿眼的長難句,那我們就挑兩句最長的長難句一起來分析一下。
例1
Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary communities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remains—the buildings, tools, and other artifacts( that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies. )
whereas conj.然而,鑒于
本句,大的方向是對比cultural anthropologists和archaeologists,如劃線所示。破折號后面用來解釋material remains,其中包含了that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在定語從句內(nèi)部,有what引導(dǎo)的充當(dāng)constitute的賓語從句,并且在賓語從句內(nèi)部,又包含了一個分詞作定語,修飾material culture。
本句話的中文翻譯:文化人類學(xué)家常常把他們的結(jié)論基于在當(dāng)代社區(qū)生活的經(jīng)歷上,而考古學(xué)家卻主要通過研究我們所知道的從過去社會遺留下來的殘留物質(zhì)—建筑,工具和其它人工制品。
例2
To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line(that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories. )
劃線部分是本句話的主干,前面由which引導(dǎo)的修飾archaeology的定語從句,一起充當(dāng)狀語。后面是由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a convenient dividing line,在定語從句中并列先行詞的謂語動詞recognize和lessen。最后的contained in oral histories為分詞作定語,修飾useful information。
本句話的翻譯:對于研究所有文化和時期的考古學(xué)來說,不管有沒有文字記錄,歷史和史前史的區(qū)分都是一條便利的分界線,它承認了書面文字的重要性,但是一點也不減少口述歷史中所包含的有用信息的重要性。