字?jǐn)?shù)不夠

　　字?jǐn)?shù)不夠，即在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)(40分鐘)沒有達(dá)到文章字?jǐn)?shù)要求(至少250單詞)。字?jǐn)?shù)不足250單詞，文章最高將不會(huì)超過5.5分，這在《劍8》Test 2和《劍7》Test 4提供的考生答卷中均有體現(xiàn)。

　　產(chǎn)生該問題的原因主要有：1. 觀點(diǎn)數(shù)量少;2. 不知道觀點(diǎn)如何展開;3. 寫作速度太慢。那么，要在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求，考生需要想出足夠多的觀點(diǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)如何展開觀點(diǎn)，熟練運(yùn)用復(fù)雜句并提高寫作速度。接下來我們將分析如何滿足以上要求：

　　首先，考生需要想出足夠多的觀點(diǎn)。為此，很多考生會(huì)搜集各種網(wǎng)站所做的“寫作預(yù)測(cè)”，從而提前準(zhǔn)備觀點(diǎn)。需要提醒考生的是不要盲目相信各種“預(yù)測(cè)”，預(yù)測(cè)題目可以練習(xí)使用，但目的是更好地提升寫作水平;相反，若把所有精力集中在預(yù)測(cè)題目上，并背誦相關(guān)內(nèi)容，最終很有可能會(huì)被當(dāng)作模板處理，而對(duì)于使用模板或者是含有大量語言記憶片段的文章，最高分?jǐn)?shù)不會(huì)超過5分。所以，建議考生積累觀點(diǎn)要走“正道”即：1. 擴(kuò)大閱讀面。閱讀中文相關(guān)內(nèi)容也可以有效地增加考生的背景知識(shí)。2. 積累同類話題的通用觀點(diǎn)。

　　在文章總字?jǐn)?shù)要求不變的情況下，每個(gè)段落觀點(diǎn)數(shù)量越多，意味著支持句的數(shù)量就可以相應(yīng)地減少。如果一個(gè)段落中含有兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，那么每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)句展開一個(gè)支持句就滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求了，如：Charity organizations should give aid to people in the greatest need, wherever they are from, or help people in their own countries. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2010年1月9日A類)

　　Opponents of charity organizations only giving aid domestically, however, contend the assistance should be open to people in need no matter where they are from. To start with, it is the functionality of charity organizations to render help to those who are in great need, regardless of their nationalities. Otherwise, it may be considered as going breach of the purposes they are established for. What is more, not only can international charity assistance enhance the friendship of two nations, but also help eliminate the conflicts and misunderstandings, thereby stimulating the cultural exchanges between countries. (94words)

　　如果一個(gè)段落只有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，在保持段落字?jǐn)?shù)不變的情況下，支持句的數(shù)量就要相應(yīng)地增加，如：Some people think that foreign tourists abroad should be charged more than local people to visit a country’s cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2011年4月30日A類)

　　The reason that I oppose to the above view is the unfairness and inequality this proposal may conduce to. As is known to all, historic attractions are owned by all human beings and should be shared by people from all over the world equally and without discrimination. Once this proposal being implemented, an unfavorable impression of this country would be formed in no time. There is a fear that foreign travelers may never come again. Neither do their friends nor those who gain this negative information. And this will inevitably lead to a vicious circle. (95words)

　　因此，在觀點(diǎn)較少的情況下，能否將觀點(diǎn)充分地展開成為滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求的關(guān)鍵所在。

　　其次，如何展開一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，關(guān)鍵在于是否能夠靈活運(yùn)用論證方式。常用的論證方式包括：解釋(explanation)，延伸(extension)，舉例(exemplification)和對(duì)比(contrast)等，如：

　　A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as in working conditions or property developments) that are in their own interests. (第二句為解釋論證)(《劍6》Test 4)

　　My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. (第二句為延伸論證) (《劍5》Test 2)

　　To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky train and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.(第二句為舉例論證)(《劍8》Test 3)

　　The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. (第二句為對(duì)比論證)(《劍5》Test 2)

　　最后，提高寫作速度，其關(guān)鍵在于“固定”。要想在那么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，在考場(chǎng)上高度緊張的狀態(tài)下寫出滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求同時(shí)又非常優(yōu)秀的文章來，的確是非常困難的，但是雅思考官曾講過，考場(chǎng)上任何一篇優(yōu)秀文章中的每一個(gè)單詞都是經(jīng)過精心準(zhǔn)備的。因此，要想保證字?jǐn)?shù)同時(shí)又保證質(zhì)量，考前精心的準(zhǔn)備和設(shè)計(jì)是非常必要的。如：

　　固定開頭段

　　The late 20st century witnessed the every surging boom of advanced technology, which has brought attention to a heated debate concerning whether housework should be accomplished manually.

　　The late 20st century witnessed the ever surging boom of the world population, which has brought attention to a heated debate concerning whether people should be encouraged to move into skyscrapers.

　　固定常用句型

　　引導(dǎo)觀點(diǎn)或者解釋論證

　　It is a widely held perception that…

　　It is a commonly shared convention that…

　　舉例子

　　A great case in point is that…

　　延伸論證

　　So…that…

　　對(duì)比論證

　　主語+should/would/could/might + do +其他+ if +主語+did/be(were) +其他

　　連接兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)

　　Not only…but also…

　　注意：文章中固定下來的內(nèi)容，尤其是開頭段、結(jié)尾段和文中的一些固定句型，最好不要摘自比較流行的輔導(dǎo)參考書，避免被考官認(rèn)為是抄襲或者模板。因此，考生需要自己總結(jié)或者在閱讀國外期刊雜志以及相關(guān)網(wǎng)站原版內(nèi)容的過程中不斷積累，同時(shí)還要保證固定內(nèi)容不能超出自身英語水平太高，否則，被考官認(rèn)定是語言記憶片段的可能性較大。把固定下來的內(nèi)容運(yùn)用熟練，就可以有效地提高寫作速度，從而滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求。