1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.

　　戴著面具身著盛裝的人們，經(jīng)常扮演各種其他人物、動物或超自然生靈，并且作為一個扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一個在狩獵或戰(zhàn)役中獲勝、降雨的來臨，陽光的重現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。

　　2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

　　但是這些事實不能解釋這個令人感興趣的問題，就是為什么在一個特殊的靠近他們出生的地方如此的集中了這么多懷孕的魚龍。

　　3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.

　　十九世紀一系列持續(xù)的機械進步，包括踏板的傳入、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的完善和鋼絲最完美的質(zhì)量，最后產(chǎn)生了一種能容納無數(shù)音調(diào)——從最精致的和弦到一個成熟管弦的聲音或從一個清澈的歌聲到輝煌的敲擊樂的效果——的樂器。

　　4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.

　　雖然我們習慣于談到1972年以前的電影是無聲的，但用一句完全感性的話來說，電影從來就不是沒有聲音的。

　　5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.

　　多年以來電影音樂的選擇程序完全掌握在導演和音樂督導手中，通常擁有這些權(quán)力的主要資格并非是自身的技藝和品味而更多的是因為擁有大量的個人音樂素材庫。

　　6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.

　　更進一步，他們是由一個頂層是毛紡或光滑的精紡羊毛織物制作，包含光滑，緊湊的紗線來自長羊毛的纖維染成蘭黑色、綠色、或褐色底層含有粗糙天然的和暗黃色的毛紡材料。

　　7.For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.

　　在春季和夏季，要精確量度干旱、熱量、冰雹、蝗蟲和其他損失可能是一件疲勞的事情。

　　8.What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.

　　我們今天所謂的美國民間藝術(shù)，實際上是普通老百姓的藝術(shù)、被普通老百姓創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)和為普通老百姓和日常提到的“民間人士”的藝術(shù)，是一個他們在社會日漸繁榮和休閑情況下創(chuàng)建的一個包含各種各樣尤其是肖像畫種類的藝術(shù)的市場。

　　9.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.

　　他們沒有農(nóng)業(yè)，但是經(jīng)過幾千年，已經(jīng)發(fā)展了探索自身環(huán)境的技術(shù)和設備。他們是基于大量出現(xiàn)鮭魚、大比目魚和其他多種魚類的自身流域和水岸捕魚的經(jīng)濟;基于從落基山水岸聚集了鮑魚、蚌類、蛤和其他貝殼動物的經(jīng)濟;基于捕獵地域和海洋哺乳動物的經(jīng)濟;以及基于收集野生植物的食物的經(jīng)濟。