第一， 狀語(yǔ)從句。
在寫作當(dāng)中運(yùn)用的最多的是以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句，即原因狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和目的狀語(yǔ)從句。
1. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句：常由because, as, since和for引導(dǎo)
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
盡管如此，我還是贊成太空探險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗暮锰庍h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于壞處。
2. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導(dǎo)
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
盡管這一觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點(diǎn)、任何年齡進(jìn)行。
3. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導(dǎo)
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要實(shí)現(xiàn)你的雄心壯志，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗、準(zhǔn)備好條件。
4. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：常由when和while引導(dǎo)
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
說到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)終生的學(xué)習(xí)。
5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句: 常由so that和in order that引導(dǎo)
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上萬(wàn)的人們不得不花費(fèi)的精力和時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)和知識(shí)，使得他們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)能保持優(yōu)勢(shì)。
第二， 定語(yǔ)從句。
這應(yīng)該算是寫作中最常用的一種句型之一。適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句可以給你的文章增色不少。
例如，下面的這兩個(gè)句子用上定語(yǔ)從句馬上就變成了一個(gè)漂亮的復(fù)雜句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
第三， 賓語(yǔ)從句。
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.
一些人認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境污染負(fù)主要責(zé)任。
Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果，無(wú)法避免。
第四， 同位語(yǔ)從句。
Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
環(huán)境污染變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重是不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。
Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
沒有人能否認(rèn)這一基本事實(shí)：對(duì)于一般工人來(lái)講，輕松掌握這些技術(shù)是不可能的。
第五，主語(yǔ)從句。
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.
值得注意的是農(nóng)村和城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境都在不斷惡化。
Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.
眾所周知，環(huán)境污染問題是中國(guó)乃至世界面臨的最為嚴(yán)重的問題之一。
第六，強(qiáng)調(diào)句: It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容 + that
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣，使得環(huán)境被污染。
第七，倒裝句。
Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.
只有政府采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧�，這個(gè)棘手的問題才能被解決。
第八，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人們應(yīng)竭盡全力來(lái)保護(hù)我們賴以生存的環(huán)境。
第九， 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。
Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游業(yè)是一個(gè)新興的行業(yè)，它成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要, 在很多東南亞國(guó)家起著尤為重要的作用。
Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.
具體來(lái)說，政府應(yīng)該出臺(tái)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對(duì)制造大量污染物的工廠及故意亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰的人進(jìn)行嚴(yán)懲。
第十，插入語(yǔ)。
一種獨(dú)立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系,大都是對(duì)一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成,位置較為靈活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開。
Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
電腦，我們生活中必不可少的一部分，給我們帶來(lái)了極大的方便。
Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大學(xué)生，沒有社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，容易上當(dāng)受騙。