YJBYSW(xu)W(wng)СҽBиԇ13ȫڵĂ俼hxϣЎ
1иxҪxȫĆ?
ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx헵O(sh)Ӌֹ“__e`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”ˣxxȫΰÿһx?
2W(xu)g(sh)иɿ?
иԇxӢZZԜyԇ(yng)ԓעڜyԇW(xu)“Z”쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)ݡ
3P(gun)Iʲô?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(})M(jn)жչ_(dng)Ȼǰǵ^c_ӢZ
4ʲôǿԇеy}?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJ(rn)A difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter
5ܲx?
“иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿO(sh)Ӌԭtˣ“xoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f“MxǴ_xôk?“ ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading keep practicing
6?jn)?sh)Ҫ?
ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿW(xu)λrg(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)|(zh)?jn)?sh)ͬҪZͬ
SadekŮʿf?jn)?sh)ԽeĿԾԽŶ!300DZ^ǡ(dng)?sh)һƪ²ڌ˶֣չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!
7(f)h۷ֆ?
ETSŮ醾팣Kimfǵ(f)hǞ醾Ĺƽ(f)hĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔһ(zi)(f)hL(fng)UX֔(jn)
8ܶͬW(xu)˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?
Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matterҲf@y}߉(f)s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}(ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ
9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x?
ٷڳ}ĕrѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxˡFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”
10ÿһx}?
x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһһҪŪÿ_x_ԭͬrÿһe`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_
Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong
Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee
11(x)(ji)}DzһҪļ(x)(ji)?
Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(x)(ji)ɲܕ?
ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿO(sh)Ӌĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring or is it trivial and unimportant?O(sh)ӋFЎׂɆTxߣtĕ@}Ŀڳ}ĕrҲO_xlength complexityor diction stand out
12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?
a.ÿһZresponseǶһrater(ETSvf17350raters)ĵģDZSCķֽoͬratersģ@ӾͿԴpͬһrater(yn)ɶӰijһ˵ķ?jn)?sh)M(jn)Cƽ
b.ZģǴ_еv˷һοпZdz(bio)(zhn)ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ]Ќ|(zh)(ni)ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ?jn)?sh)
13Zԇе¼?
ٸV҂ஔ(dng)test takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you (dng)ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect