GMAT作文包括兩部分:議論文(Issue)和批判(Argument)。兩部分平均分構(gòu)成分析寫作(Analytical Writing Assessment,簡稱AWA)的總分(滿分6.0)。下面是小編為大家整理收集的關(guān)于GMAT寫作短題目的解題技巧,希望對大家有所幫助。
國內(nèi)考生一般的備考重點(diǎn)為Argument,因?yàn)檫@一部分比較好掌握,了解一些基本的錯誤類型,就可以完成大部分的題目,而且越是長篇題目,錯誤的類型越多,也就越好解題,不擔(dān)心無話可說。但是,如果考試時,碰到一個篇幅較短、錯誤單一的Argument題目,考生就要頭疼了,往往30分鐘寫到一半就不知道該寫些什么了,要么寫的都是次要的、甚至離題甚遠(yuǎn)的錯誤。所以,學(xué)習(xí)有針對性的展開短題目的批判就成為一項(xiàng)非常重要的應(yīng)試技巧。
下面這道題目是GMAT官方指南中Argument的示范題目:
The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:
"The computerized onboard warning system that will be installed in commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair plane collisions. One plane's warning system can receive signals from another's transponder—a radio set that signals a plane's course—in order to determine the likelihood of a collision and recommend evasive action."
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
這道題只有兩句話,首句為論點(diǎn),末句為論據(jù),是一篇典型的短題目。有些考生的思路是:
“原作者沒有提供足夠的證據(jù)表明這套新系統(tǒng)能夠有效避免撞機(jī),只是簡單說明系統(tǒng)功能,不具有論證效力,除非有更多實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)證明能夠避免撞機(jī),才能使得結(jié)論合理”?荚嚧笫占
或者是:
“原作者沒有告訴我們是不是所有的飛機(jī)公司都愿意安裝這套系統(tǒng),所以,如果有些公司沒有足夠的費(fèi)用購買這套系統(tǒng),那么撞機(jī)也很難避免”。
按照以上這類思路進(jìn)行批判的話,沒能切中要害,因?yàn)椋械腁rgument題目都存在著證據(jù)缺乏(scant evidence)的錯誤,但是籠統(tǒng)的說缺乏證據(jù)是不夠的,需要結(jié)合題目細(xì)致的進(jìn)行分析和批判。
針對這道題目,我們首先要找到最核心的因果關(guān)系,也就是系統(tǒng)(system)與撞機(jī)(midair plane collision)之間的關(guān)系,然后,把題目中所有的界定成份分別納入相應(yīng)集合,就可以清晰的進(jìn)行有針對性的批判:
system midair plane collision
(1) warning
(2) onboard
(3) computerized
(4) commercial airlines
(5) signal course
(6) determine likelihood
(7) recommend evasive action
如上表,system有7個界定,這7個界定都是重要的得分點(diǎn):
(1)warning只是警告,如果飛行員沒注意到,還會相撞;
(2)onboard機(jī)載設(shè)備不具備強(qiáng)制性、權(quán)威性,飛行員可以選擇是否執(zhí)行;
(3)computerized計(jì)算機(jī)可能會失靈;
(4)commercial airlines沒有排除與軍隊(duì)飛機(jī)或私人飛機(jī)相撞的可能性;
(5)signal course指示出路線,不等于兩架飛機(jī)能夠選擇正確的避讓路線;
(6)determine likelihood確定可能性,不等于降低或消除可能性;
(7)recommend evasion action建議避讓動作,不等于采取避讓行動,而且對方避讓動作是否能夠配合也是問題;
GMAT的6分范文,明確處理了其中的4個錯誤點(diǎn):
(1) warning只是警告,如果飛行員沒注意到,還會相撞:
First, …if the cause of the problem of midair plane collisions is thatpilots are not paying attention to their computer systems or flight operation, the warning system will not solve the collision problem.
(2) onboard機(jī)載設(shè)備不具備強(qiáng)制性、權(quán)威性,飛行員可以選擇是否執(zhí)行
Second, …If the pilot or flight specialist does not conform to what the warning system suggests, midair collision will not be avoided.
(3) computerized計(jì)算機(jī)可能會失靈
The argument also does not address what would happen in the event that the warning system collapses, fails, or does not work properly.
(4) commercial airlines沒有排除與軍隊(duì)飛機(jī)或私人飛機(jī)相撞的可能性
Finally, if planes other than commercial airlines are involved in the collisions, the problem of these collisions cannot be solved by a warning system that will not be installed on non-commercial airlines.
通過對于6分范文的分析,可以體會到GMAT出題人對于短題目的考察,偏重于題目細(xì)節(jié),希望考生能夠細(xì)致的對題目進(jìn)行分析、較全面的指出錯誤點(diǎn)。盡管這道題的錯誤類型很單一,只是因果錯誤,但是,如果不能夠深入到細(xì)節(jié)的話,并找到過半的錯誤點(diǎn),分?jǐn)?shù)很難得到大幅提高。
相應(yīng)的GMAT官方指南上給出了4分的范文,這篇文章之所以分?jǐn)?shù)較低,是因?yàn)橹徽业搅宋覀冎瓣愂龅牡?5)點(diǎn)錯誤,全篇文章都是針對這一點(diǎn)錯誤展開,所以,分?jǐn)?shù)相應(yīng)較低。4分范文主體段落如下,供大家體會:
(5)signal course指示出路線,不等于兩架飛機(jī)能夠選擇正確的避讓路線
The main flaw in the argument is that it assumes that the two planes, upon receiving each other's signals, will know which evasive action to take. For example, the two planes could be going towards each other and then receive thesignals. If one turns at an angle to the left and the other turns at an angle to the right, the two planes will still crash. Even if they receive an updatedsignal, they will not have time to avoid each other.
綜上,對于短題目的分析,考生一定要關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié),而不是一味的尋找更多的錯誤類型。針對一種類型的錯誤,要盡可能考慮到題目中列出的多數(shù)“陷阱”,這樣就可以更好的向高分沖刺了。