準(zhǔn)備了許久ACT備考的同學(xué)們有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)逗號(hào)在其中所發(fā)揮的作用，逗號(hào)經(jīng)常會(huì)容易被大家忽略，但是它確是ACT非常重要的考點(diǎn)之一。下面是小編為大家整理收集的關(guān)于ACT考試中逗號(hào)的的特點(diǎn)和用法，歡迎大家的閱讀。
(1) 逗號(hào)的間隔作用
逗號(hào)常用來(lái)間隔兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列成分, 但是逗號(hào)更重要的考點(diǎn)在于逗號(hào)的單獨(dú)使用, 以及逗號(hào)與連詞連用。關(guān)于逗號(hào)的使用方法因人而異, 因地而異。在這里會(huì)給大家羅列出在SAT&ACT考試當(dāng)中逗號(hào)的正確用法。
EX) She came, he did not.(X)
—> She came, but he did not.(O)
EX) The new virus is alleged to have an unprecedented rate of spreading, and the news that shocked the city government.(X)
—> The new virus is alleged to have an unprecedented rate of spreading, the news that shocked the city government.(O)
(2) 序列逗號(hào)又名牛津逗號(hào):常見于SAT & ACT
并列的三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的詞、詞組或從句都要用逗號(hào)分隔開。每?jī)蓚�(gè)成分之間都要有一個(gè)逗號(hào), 在最后一個(gè)成分之前要加上and。在and前的逗號(hào)叫做序列逗號(hào)又名牛津逗號(hào)。盡管很多學(xué)校認(rèn)為加上序列逗號(hào)沒(méi)有必要, 而且很多報(bào)紙和雜志通常不使用序列逗號(hào), 但是在SAT&ACT考試當(dāng)中, 同學(xué)們一定要注意加上序列逗號(hào)。
EX) He teaches Japanese, Chinese and English.(X)
—> He teaches Japanese, Chinese, and English.(O)
EX) The lion saw another lion, confirmed it was a male and fought it.(X)
—> The lion saw another lion, confirmed it was a male, and fought it.(O)
(3) 兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子結(jié)合時(shí)逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
如果兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子要結(jié)合在一起, 我們需要用一個(gè)逗號(hào)+并列連詞(and, but, or, nor, so, for, yet)的形式。但是如果兩個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)相同, 可以省略第二個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)成分, 這時(shí)就不需要加逗號(hào)直接使用并列連詞即可。
EX) Cathy earned a lot of money but her mother got sick soon.(X)
—> Cathy earned a lot of money, but her mother got sick soon.(O)
—> Cathy earned a lot of money and spent it for pleasure mostly.(O)
(4) 兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)結(jié)合時(shí)逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
如果僅僅是兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)結(jié)合而不是句子,那么就不需要使用逗號(hào)。
EX) With heat, and long working hours, they gradually got exhausted.(X)
—> With heat and long working hours, they gradually got exhausted.(O)
(5) 連詞之后逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
逗號(hào)不可以用在連詞之后 。
EX) Roger wanted to study more but, his mother told him to go to sleep.(X)
—> Roger wanted to study more, but his mother told him to go to sleep.(O)
(6) 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)與逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
如果句子是含有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)需要用逗號(hào)將獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)與主句分開, 表明獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致。
EX) Lin offered a chance to make money to Kim, working in the pyramid organization.
= Working in the pyramid organization, Lin offered a chance to make money to Kim.
EX) Lin offered a chance to make money to Kim working in the pyramid organization. Lin給在金字塔組織工作的Kim提供了一個(gè)賺錢的機(jī)會(huì)。
(7) 同位語(yǔ)與逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
同位語(yǔ)經(jīng)常被看作插入語(yǔ), 當(dāng)在名詞之后加上同位語(yǔ)并且同位語(yǔ)對(duì)名詞起解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用時(shí), 同位語(yǔ)的前后都有逗號(hào)。但是,當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)放在名詞之前時(shí),就不需要用逗號(hào)隔開, 因?yàn)樵谶@種情況下同位語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞。
EX) Bruce English archaeologist went to Singapore.(X)
—> Bruce, English archaeologist, went to Singapore.(O)
EX) English archaeologist, Bruce went to Singapore.(X)
—> English archaeologist Bruce went to Singapore.(O)
EX) My math teacher, Mr. Hu’s aim school’s average score over city’s can be difficult.(X)
—> My math teacher Mr. Hu’s aim, school’s average score over city’s, is impossible.(O)
(8) 從屬連詞與逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí),主句與從句之間應(yīng)用逗號(hào)隔開。但是當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句在主句之后時(shí), 就不需要使用逗號(hào)了。
EX) If you text while driving you will have difficulty concentrating.(X)
—>If you text while driving, you will have difficulty concentrating.(O)
EX) You will have difficulty concentrating, if you text while driving.(X)
—>You will have difficulty concentrating if you text while driving.(O)
EX) Shawn did not want to see the test result, because he was afraid.(X)
—> Shawn did not want to see the test result because he was afraid.(O)
(9) 形容詞的并列與逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
當(dāng)形容詞并列使用時(shí), 用逗號(hào)代替并列連詞將形容詞隔開, 且形容詞之后必須有需要修飾的名詞。
EX) She was a thin and agile athlete. = She was a thin, agile athlete.
EX) Ricky’s room was dark, mysterious.(X)
—>Ricky’s room was dark and mysterious.(O)
(10) 引用部分與逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
句子中被引用的部分要用逗號(hào)隔開。如果引用的句子被分開使用, 要用逗號(hào)表明哪一部分是主句，哪一部分是被分開的引語(yǔ)。
EX) “The hurricane” said Daine “is becoming stronger each time.” (X)
—> “The hurricane,” said Daine, “is becoming stronger each time.” (O)
(11) 對(duì)比短語(yǔ)與逗號(hào)的使用
兩個(gè)意思相反的短語(yǔ)之間要用逗號(hào)隔開。
EX) The movie was filmed in China not in Japan.(X)
—> The movie was filmed in China, not in Japan.(O)
EX) Matt was angry with his brother not with his friends.(X)
—> Matt was angry with his brother, not with his friends.(O)
(12) 關(guān)系代詞前加逗號(hào)的問(wèn)題
1) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有逗號(hào)時(shí), 從句要表達(dá)對(duì)主句內(nèi)容,或先行詞的補(bǔ)充、解釋或附加說(shuō) 明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號(hào)分開,常常單獨(dú)翻譯。沒(méi)有從句, 主句意思仍然完整。
EX) He has two sons who became doctors.
這里，who became doctors修飾two sons 他有兩個(gè)兒子成為了醫(yī)生。(他可能有好幾個(gè)兒子, 但是只有兩個(gè)成為了醫(yī)生)
EX) He has two sons, who became doctors.
這里，who became doctors是對(duì)前面他有兩個(gè)兒子進(jìn)行修飾
= He has two sons, and they became doctors. 他有兩個(gè)兒子, 都成為了醫(yī)生。
2) 逗號(hào)不能放在that之前
EX) The car, that he bought, got recalled.(X)
—>The car, which he bought, got recalled.(O)
—> The car that he bought got recalled.(O)
他買的車被召回了。
3) 當(dāng)人名出現(xiàn)在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)經(jīng)常用逗號(hào)隔開
EX) Ashland, who played the song, is my roommate.
(13) 逗號(hào)在其他情況下的使用問(wèn)題
1)使用逗號(hào)能夠使句子表意更清晰
EX) Outside the square was crowded with people who were waiting for the New Year.
EX) Outside,the square was crowded with people who were waiting for the New Year.
2) 在城市、州、省的名字之間要用逗號(hào)隔開
EX) Dalian, Liaoning
EX) Boston, Massachusetts
3) 表達(dá)時(shí)間時(shí)逗號(hào)的固定使用位置
在日與年之間要加逗號(hào)。
EX) June 17, 1985, was one of the most meaningful days for them.
但是如果時(shí)間的表達(dá)順序?yàn)槿赵履? 就不需要加逗號(hào)。
EX) She was adopted on 19 February 1962.
如果沒(méi)有注明日期就不需要使用逗號(hào)。
EX) Suzy was born in May 2010.
4) SAT&ACT考試中不用when來(lái)指代主句所表達(dá)的情況,在這種情況下常選用which來(lái)做關(guān)系代詞。
EX) Sandra called the police, which upset Luke even more.( X: Sandra叫警察這件事兒讓Luke不高興)
這句話在國(guó)內(nèi)課堂上很常見,但是在SAT考試當(dāng)中這句話是錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá), 因?yàn)橄刃性~不明確導(dǎo)致句意模糊。
—> Sandra called the police, upsetting Luke even more.(O: Sandra發(fā)出兩個(gè)動(dòng)作 calling 和 upsetting)
EX) Han did not come, which disappointed her.(X) Han沒(méi)來(lái)這件事兒讓她很失望,這里which指代Han沒(méi)來(lái)這種情況。