對于想要參加美國入學(xué)考試的中小學(xué)生來說，聽力和閱讀無疑是難度最大的兩項(xiàng)考試。下面是小編為大家整理收集的關(guān)于小托�？荚嚦Ｒ婎}型的相關(guān)解析，希望對大家有所幫助。
一、主旨題(mainidea)
典型問法：
1.What is the maintopic of the article?
2.What is thepassage mainly about?
3.What would bethe most appropriate he小托福 試題line for the article?
答題策略：
1.排除“無中生有”的選項(xiàng)
2. 任何涉及細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)都不能選。
3. 正確答案不會與文中的任何一句話完全相同。
4. 抓住每段的中心句。
例題：
Most biologists study living things that we know are real, but a few try to learn about animals that have not been proven to exist yet. This job belongs to scientists called crypto-zoologists. Their job is to confirm if unknown animals, or cryptids, really do exist. They have found evidence that animals like Bigfoot might be real and they've even proven that some cryptids, such as the giant squid, do live in the world.
What’sthe passage mainly about?
(A) Bigfoots
(B) Cryptids
(C) Biologists
(D) Crypto-zoologists
這道題目就是典型的主旨題。第一句話說了大部分的生物學(xué)家研究真實(shí)存在的生物，但是少部分研究的是沒有證據(jù)可證明他們存在的動物。然后說這樣一群人叫crypto-zoologists.之后圍繞他們這群人的具體工作內(nèi)容展開，所以不難選出正確答案是D
二、指代題 (reference)
典型問法：
1. In line…, the word…refers to…
2. The word…in the passage refers to…
答題策略：
1.一般來說，被指代的事物會出現(xiàn)在該代詞之前。
2.所指代的內(nèi)容一定來自文章中的某些單詞或短語。
3.所選答案與這個(gè)代詞具有數(shù)(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))和格(第一人稱、第二人稱或第三人稱)的一致性。
4.可以將所選答案替代代詞放回原句，檢驗(yàn)是否違反語法規(guī)則，是否能讓句子表達(dá)通順。
例題：
The coaches have all agreed that anystudent may participate on two athletic teams so long as one is the track team.Those students wishing to play two sports must speak with both coaches prior totryouts. Finally, all students must submit an injury release form to the coach of the team they want to play on. No students will be permitted to try out until it has been turned in.
In line 9, the word it refers to ____.
(A) the track team
(B) an injuryrelease form
(C) the coach
(D) the team
指代往前找，原句提到所有的學(xué)生在提交it之前都不能參加選拔，而前面提到所有學(xué)生必須上交an injury release form給他們想?yún)⒓拥年?duì)伍，所以選B。
三、詞義理解題 (word meaning)
典型問法：
1. In line…, the word…is closest in meaning to…
答題策略：
1. 即使知道被考單詞的意思，也要閱讀上下文，了解語境后再做出選擇。因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)單詞在不同的語境中意思不同。
2. 十分生僻的單詞或?qū)I(yè)名詞不會考到。
3. 應(yīng)將選項(xiàng)帶入原文進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，保證句子的意思不會改變。
例題：
Humanbeings often think that they are the smartest life form on Earth, but there isstill a lot we can learn from other animals. To start, have you ever hadtrouble opening a banana? Well, chimpanzees never have trouble. Humans alwaystry and open a banana from the top, but a chimpanzee doesn’t. It opens a bananafrom the bottom by pinching theblack end, like apicking up salt with his fingers. A banana opens easily andquickly this way. A chimpanzee never fights to open it banana like a sillyhuman!
Inline 4, the word pinching is closest in meaning to ____.
(A)biting
(B)pulling
(C)ripping
(D)squeezing
Pinch這個(gè)單詞不認(rèn)識很正常，因?yàn)榭脊俚哪康木褪亲尨蠹彝ㄟ^上下文來猜測詞義。后面舉了具體的例子“就像一個(gè)廚師用手指(注意這里是復(fù)數(shù))抓鹽”所以最接近的是squeeze
四、細(xì)節(jié)題 (detail)
答題策略：
考生可以從文中的某一句話中找到細(xì)節(jié)題的現(xiàn)成答案。考生只需判斷這句話是否與問題相關(guān)。切忌隨意選擇，一定要做到有據(jù)可依。
Themost famous astronaut in the world is Neil Armstrong. Before he was anastronaut, Neil Armstrong served his country in a number of different ways. Hebegan as a pilot for the American Navy during the Korean War. Once the war wasover, he went back to school. He finished at the top of his class and decidedhe wants to help make planes more powerful. After years of building, testing,and improving planes, the U.S Air Force asked him to join the space program. Afew years later, he became famous for being the first man to walk on the moon.This was during the Apollo 11 space mission of July 20, 1969. He and BuzzAldrin explored the surface of the moon for two and a half hours. The moonlanding is one of the most important events in human history, and Armstrong wasa part of it. He will be remembered forever because of his legendary quote,“This is one small step for a man; one giant leap for mankind.”
Whatis Neil Armstrong most famous for?
(A) Walking on the moon
(B)Building and testing airplanes
(C)His role as a pilot in the Korean War
(D)Finishinguniversity with the highest grades