引導語：小編在本文中為大家詳細講解新SAT首考文法主旨題中的美式價值觀問題，希望對所有關注新SAT亞太首考動向的同學們有幫助。

　　所謂proposition主旨題，顧名思義，就是考察文章段落或全篇內(nèi)容的主旨大意的題目。OG中(P136)將proposition做了如下定義：

　　Proposition questions require you to think about the “big ideas” in the passage and how they can be refined to better clarify and structure the writer’s message.

　　主旨題的提問形式主要有以下幾種：

　　Which choice most effectively establishes the central claim of the passage?

　　Which sentence most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?

　　在做此類題目的時候，我們需要注意的是以下幾點信息：

　　Thesis statementexpresses the main idea of the overall passage.

　　Topic sentences are used to help structure and clarify the focus of the paragraphs. (常規(guī)段落分論點出現(xiàn)在段首或段末，非常規(guī)段分論點出現(xiàn)在段中。)

　　Claims and counterclaimsare features specific to arguments.

　　新SAT文法部分的文章，僅就文本而言(遣詞造句，修辭手法甚至標點符號)，經(jīng)過了深思熟慮，精心布局，字斟句酌，其傳達的理念也是我們需要去把握的，下面我將從可汗學院發(fā)布的題目中(文章體裁以argumentative, informative , narrative為例)對新SAT想傳達的美式價值觀進行一個簡要的分析。

　　Argument

Passage type	Style
Argumentative	Presents opinions and facts, includes analysis of evidence, can include more forceful language

　　KH：Judithe Hernandez and the Chicana Artistic Voice

　　Judithe Hernandez’s art career began in Los Angeles during the socially and politically turbulent 1960s. While enrolled as a graduate student at the Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles, Hernandez met fellow student Carlos Almaraz, one of the founding members of the Chicano artist collective known as “Los Four.” At Almarez’s request, Hernandez joined “Los Four” as its fifth, and only female, member. Hernandez became well known for her work with this revolutionary group of artists, who are credited with establishing Chicano art as its own distinctive school of (US) American art. 3 Less known but equally important, however, is the role Hernandez played in providing a female voice within what was at that time a predominantly male Chicano art movement.

　　Question 3

　　Which choice most effectively establishes the central claim of the passage?

　　(A)NO CHANGE

　　(B)The Chicano Movement, also known as “EI Movimiento,” began in the 1940s with the explicit goat of empowering Mexican-Americans.

　　(C)Judithe Hernandez was born to progressive Mexican-American in Los Angeles that encouraged her involvement in the arts from any early age.

　　(D)In the 1960s, Chicano art was often displayed as public murals intended to create the dialogue about the issues faced by Mexican- Americans.

　　正確選項：A

　　美國大學理事會主席科爾曼在接受媒體采訪時給出的篇目：一類是美國立國的法律文獻，如《獨立宣言》、《美國憲法》及其修正案;一類是美國開國先賢們關于美利堅合眾國國家體制、政府架構(gòu)、聯(lián)邦與成員國(州)權力分配、人的基本權利等的討論文章，再有就是涉及美國歷史進程中最為重大時間的一些文獻，如《葛底斯堡演說》(涉及南北戰(zhàn)爭)、《四項宣言》(涉及男女平等，婦女解放等)、《寄自伯明翰監(jiān)獄的信》(涉及種族平等、公民權力等)。同學們在進行課外閱讀的時候，可以多關注此類文章。

　　Informative

Passage type	Style
Informative	Presents facts but not opinions, avoids casual language, often includes definitions

　　KH：The Battle Against White Nose Syndrome

　　6 There is federal funding available to support research on WNS.With grants already in excess of $ 17.4 million, scientists are conducting epidemiological research in order to determine the most effective agents to combat the disease.

　　Question 6

　　Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?

　　A)NO CHANGE

　　B)In order to prevent the further spread of WNS, bat hibernation sites have been closed off to human activity other than scientific research.

　　C)Work by numerous government and nonprofit agencies and the cooperation of ordinary citizens have been critical in efforts to prevent further decimation of bat populations by WNS.

　　D)Scientists are searching for genetic commonalities between various bat species to determine what causes WNS susceptibility or resistance.

　　正確選項：C

　　這個選項肯定了政府，非盈利組織和市民合作在防止蝙蝠受到進一步殺害方面起到的關鍵作用。這也和恩格斯所說的“歷史合力”是一個概念：要充分調(diào)動包括社區(qū)、家庭、學校、公司、NGO組織等在內(nèi)的各種社會資源來形成蔚然成風的合力。至于提及動物的文本，基本上都會向考生傳遞保護瀕危動物的正能量。

　　Narrative

Passage type	Style
Narrative	More casual in style, uses deive language, often in first person voice, can include dialogue or quotations

　　KH： Personal Anthropology

　　Ethnographers work anywhere from communities in small villages to bustling cities, but their work is always the same: listening to someone else’s story. A subfield of anthropology, ethnography is the study of people and the cultures in which they live. While an objective approach to collecting and sharing information is traditionally encouraged, 3 anthropology professor Ruth Behar believes that integrating her personal experience into her work is not only inevitable but valuable.Doing so, Behar argues, allows readers to better connect with her work.

　　Which choice most effectively states the central idea developed throughout the passage?

　　A)NO CHANGE

　　B)some anthropologists believe that a level-headed, detached observation is the best way to approach ethnography.

　　C)some anthropologists believe that information about anthropological subjects should not be catalogued traditionally.

　　D)anthropology professor Ruth Behar believes in working directly with people when studying

　　正確選項：A

　　這里題提及的露絲·貝哈(Ruth Behar，1956— )，是猶太古巴裔美國作家，密歇根大學人類學系教授。露絲·貝哈的書，有一個共同的他點，就是會評估自身情感和經(jīng)驗對研究及寫作的影響。選項中提及將個人經(jīng)驗融入作品中不僅是不可避免的，而且是大有價值的。這里傳遞出來的也是美國教育體系中知識和實踐(融合社會實踐和知情意行各個維度)。

　　這些文本，有的是美國最重要的歷史文獻，有的是人物傳記，有的是科學的普及文章。上承古希臘文明，下啟工業(yè)文明和信息文明，涵蓋極為廣博。這些文獻闡釋的公平、正義、平等、權利、自由、民主、法治、尊嚴、幸福、信仰、道德等等，從不同的角度，集合或定義的是美國文明的概念、程序、規(guī)則和本質(zhì)等，也是人類共有的精神養(yǎng)分，無論是對跨進美國名校門檻，還是為人處事，都是不可或缺的。