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留學(xué)網(wǎng) > 留學(xué)申請(qǐng) > 申請(qǐng)書(shū) > 美國(guó)留學(xué)推薦信全程剖析

美國(guó)留學(xué)推薦信全程剖析

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-11-16編輯:biyu

  申請(qǐng)美國(guó)學(xué)校除了GT成績(jī),大學(xué)成績(jī),簡(jiǎn)歷和自述信外,一般還要求至少三封的推薦信(少數(shù)學(xué)校只要兩封)。推薦信在申請(qǐng)材料中的作用是不言而喻的,其他材料和數(shù)字是反映申請(qǐng)者自己的能力和素質(zhì)的,而推薦信則是從熟悉申請(qǐng)者的第三者的角度對(duì)于申請(qǐng)者進(jìn)行評(píng)論。

  具體講,推薦信的作用有三個(gè),一是從第三者角度對(duì)申請(qǐng)者自述信及成績(jī)的確認(rèn)和重新 解釋;二是對(duì)申請(qǐng)者的陳述和成績(jī)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充;三是以同行的身份向錄取委員會(huì)的教授提供自己的看法(尤其是在校教授的推薦信),包括申請(qǐng)者的素質(zhì),動(dòng)機(jī)以及申請(qǐng)者是否能從該課程獲益等。作為錄取委員會(huì)對(duì)申請(qǐng)者的考察標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一,推薦信的作用是不可忽視的,好的推薦信會(huì)幫助申請(qǐng)者拿到學(xué)校的取錄和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,而差的,尤其是那些泛泛而論的,內(nèi)容混亂的推薦信往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致申請(qǐng)功虧一,甚至?xí)斐芍旅鼈Α?/p>

  很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為推薦信無(wú)所謂,所以隨便抄抄完事,有的甚至還有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,殊不知如此做法,不但損害了推薦人的名聲,同時(shí)也對(duì)自己的申請(qǐng)?jiān)斐刹豢赏旎氐膿p失。還有很多人,包括一些留學(xué)咨詢(xún)者,宣稱(chēng)美國(guó)教授一般不看中國(guó)學(xué)生的推薦信。這絕對(duì)是一種偏見(jiàn)。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),對(duì)于泛泛而論,贊揚(yáng)過(guò)度,內(nèi)容重復(fù)的推薦信,教授可能會(huì)看兩行就扔在一邊,但對(duì)于那些真實(shí)、具體、中肯有力的推薦信,教授肯定會(huì)認(rèn)真考慮的。在美國(guó)這個(gè)極重視個(gè)人信用的國(guó)度,可以說(shuō),推薦人以自己的信用向美國(guó)教授所作的推薦,是整個(gè)申請(qǐng)中的一個(gè)很大的變數(shù)。還有很多學(xué)生認(rèn)為推薦信應(yīng)該只有兩三段長(zhǎng),絕對(duì)不能超過(guò)一頁(yè),殊不知,加上收件人推薦人地址,聯(lián)系方式和職位后,一頁(yè)紙還有多少空間?還能說(shuō)明什么呢?如果不是推薦人和對(duì)方教授十分熟悉或有多年交道,這樣的推薦信是起不到什么作用的,如果有作用,那也只能說(shuō)明推薦人根本不愿意給你寫(xiě)推薦信。

  找什么人寫(xiě)推薦信最好呢?對(duì)于研究類(lèi)課程的申請(qǐng),尤其是PhD的申請(qǐng),三封推薦信中應(yīng)該至少有兩封學(xué)術(shù)推薦,即要有兩個(gè)教授或老師推薦你,推薦內(nèi)容主要在你的學(xué)術(shù)能力和研究能力。但要注意,現(xiàn)在即使是研究性的課程,錄取委員會(huì)也比較注重學(xué)生組成的多樣性,所以在推薦時(shí),不能僅限于課堂和科研,要顧及自己的課外活動(dòng)和社會(huì)活動(dòng)。對(duì)于諸如法學(xué)院、商學(xué)院的申請(qǐng),則要注重工作推薦信,你老板的推薦信,實(shí)習(xí)單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的推薦則更為重要。

  選擇推薦人時(shí)要遵循熟悉、專(zhuān)業(yè)兩大原則。

  1、推薦人要熟悉你的學(xué)習(xí)和工作,熟悉你的動(dòng)機(jī)和學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃,要有比較密切的交流。推薦表中的“How long have you known the referee﹖In what capacity﹖”就是問(wèn)的推薦人和被推薦人之間的熟悉程度。在此基礎(chǔ)上,如果推薦人是外國(guó)教授,而該教授和你申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校又很熟悉,這種推薦往往會(huì)起到意想不到的效果;如果推薦人和你申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校教授又比較熟悉,處理好了,推薦信則會(huì)有化腐朽為神奇的力量;如果推薦人雖然不熟悉對(duì)方的教授,但是該專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)很有名的專(zhuān)家(諸如擁有院士之類(lèi)的頭銜的),經(jīng)常參加國(guó)際交流,其推薦作用也不可忽視。不過(guò),名人架子一般也很大,找申請(qǐng)人時(shí),要先掂量掂量自己的分量。對(duì)于大部分來(lái)說(shuō),我認(rèn)為找推薦人還是以找熟人為主,一是好說(shuō)話,會(huì)很配合你的申請(qǐng);二是在國(guó)外教授看來(lái),很自然很合理。

  2、推薦人的身份要合理,最好是相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的。如果你是一個(gè)大四學(xué)生,則可選系主任,專(zhuān)業(yè)任課老師,和課外活動(dòng)、社會(huì)活動(dòng)見(jiàn)證人作為推薦人。如果你已經(jīng)畢業(yè)一兩年了,則可選你的直接上司,大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文指導(dǎo)老師或任課老師,系主任作為你的推薦人。完全沒(méi)有必要千里迢迢,費(fèi)盡周折找一個(gè)和你的專(zhuān)業(yè)不熟悉,和你不熟悉的院士或大公司總裁之類(lèi)的人作為你的推薦人。

  怎么寫(xiě)推薦信?首先,如果你的推薦人愿意親自給你寫(xiě)推薦信的話,那么恭喜你,你可以省卻很多麻煩和花銷(xiāo)(如果你想請(qǐng)專(zhuān)業(yè)咨詢(xún)公司幫你做的話)。不過(guò),國(guó)內(nèi)愿意親自給別人寫(xiě)推薦信的人很少,一般是些德高望重的老教授或者從國(guó)外留學(xué)歸來(lái)的年輕老師。但是其中很多人也有固定模板作為備用,有可能給所有人寫(xiě)的推薦信都一樣。要避免這種情況,就要求你下一番功夫攻關(guān)了。一般情況下要注意以下幾點(diǎn):

  1、要早點(diǎn)聯(lián)系推薦人。如果你早就決定出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí),而且專(zhuān)業(yè)方向定下的話,在你幫助一位教授完成一個(gè)項(xiàng)目而你的表現(xiàn)也不錯(cuò)的時(shí)候,及時(shí)地請(qǐng)教授寫(xiě)一封推薦信當(dāng)然是最好了;蛘呤悄闵暾(qǐng)教育學(xué),而又剛剛在一所中學(xué)做了兩個(gè)月的實(shí)習(xí)教師,為什么不馬上請(qǐng)?jiān)撔5男iL(zhǎng)或教導(dǎo)主任給你寫(xiě)一封推薦信呢?這樣至少能保證到申請(qǐng)時(shí)推薦人不會(huì)忘了你做過(guò)什么。如果你已經(jīng)著手申請(qǐng),至少要提前一兩個(gè)月和教授打招呼,給教授留充足的時(shí)間為你寫(xiě)推薦信,無(wú)論對(duì)于你趕申請(qǐng)期限,還是減輕推薦人壓力都是很有利的。

  2、主動(dòng)給推薦人提供自己的詳細(xì)信息。爭(zhēng)取在推薦人著手寫(xiě)推薦信之前和推薦人詳談一次,哪怕只有10分鐘,主要談?wù)勛约旱膶W(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)和自己的目標(biāo),申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)業(yè)和方向。同時(shí)最好提供一份自己的詳細(xì)簡(jiǎn)歷,當(dāng)然,如果你的自述信已經(jīng)成稿或有草稿的話,可以一并提供。這樣便既可以使推薦人在推薦你時(shí)有的放矢,針對(duì)你申請(qǐng)的課程推薦,又可以避免推薦信過(guò)于泛泛而無(wú)實(shí)例的弊端。

  3、推薦表VS推薦信。很多學(xué)校都有固定格式的推薦表,雖然是為了方便推薦人,但實(shí)際上卻給中國(guó)的大部分推薦人帶來(lái)很多麻煩。如果你一下子申請(qǐng)20所學(xué)校,光填表也夠教授累的。對(duì)于一些特別聲明用推薦表的學(xué)校,你盡量用推薦表,另外附上推薦信即可。而對(duì)于大部分學(xué)校,你都可以把自己要填的一部分,即申請(qǐng)方向或/和放棄閱讀的權(quán)利聲明,簽上字即可。而只要推薦信中包含推薦表中的內(nèi)容,就可以直接附上簽過(guò)字的推薦信即可。

  由于種種原因,大部分的中國(guó)申請(qǐng)者都是自己以推薦人的口氣用英文把推薦信寫(xiě)好,然后再請(qǐng)推薦人簽字。在國(guó)外也會(huì)有這種情況,尤其是在推薦人很忙的時(shí)候。這種情況下,最好先用漢語(yǔ)打個(gè)草稿讓推薦人過(guò)目,如果推薦人同意再精雕細(xì)琢成英語(yǔ)推薦信。對(duì)于中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),自己寫(xiě)推薦信可能比自述信還難。一是要用三種不同的口吻推薦自己,可能很不自然,不知道怎么說(shuō),有的可能還很不好意思;二是,寫(xiě)完自述信,很多人已經(jīng)江郎才盡了,實(shí)在寫(xiě)不成什么新意了。要解決這些難題,為自己寫(xiě)出出色的推薦信,你可以和同學(xué)合作,互相修改和潤(rùn)色,也可以找專(zhuān)門(mén)的咨詢(xún)機(jī)構(gòu)幫你潤(rùn)色。無(wú)論如何,一定要注意以下幾個(gè)原則:

  1、客觀評(píng)價(jià)自己的成就,避免贊美過(guò)度。推薦信應(yīng)該表明推薦人對(duì)于申請(qǐng)者的動(dòng)機(jī)有一定了解,并能解釋申請(qǐng)者進(jìn)一步深造的需要。很多推薦信把申請(qǐng)者吹成了一個(gè)甚至比教授還牛的專(zhuān)家,就失去了推薦信的意義,既然已經(jīng)是大師級(jí)人物了,還去留學(xué)深造干嘛;

  2、插入具體實(shí)例,避免堆砌泛泛的贊美之詞。推薦信中對(duì)于申請(qǐng)者的重要素質(zhì)和能力要有實(shí)例的支持。作為你的教授,總是可以論述你在幫他做的項(xiàng)目中的責(zé)任和表現(xiàn),而作為你的老板,怎么會(huì)不能說(shuō)出你的某一項(xiàng)具體成就呢?就像寫(xiě)自述信時(shí)一樣,拿出一張紙,一邊寫(xiě)出自己的品質(zhì),優(yōu)點(diǎn),在另一邊注明至少一個(gè)實(shí)例。切記:推薦不是吹捧,所以推薦信的“裝扮”要適度,不能太花哨,太渲染。要盡量用平實(shí)可信的語(yǔ)言,增加細(xì)節(jié)性的例證說(shuō)明。

  3、轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格和思維角度,增加推薦可信度。自己給自己寫(xiě)推薦信不僅僅是擺事實(shí)的問(wèn)題,還有一個(gè)口吻,行文問(wèn)題。首先是內(nèi)容上,除了補(bǔ)充自己自述中所沒(méi)有的方面外,對(duì)于一些重要的成就和優(yōu)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述時(shí),要從推薦人的角度考慮,切勿簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)自述信或簡(jiǎn)歷中的內(nèi)容;其次是語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格上,用詞上要注意變換,不要出現(xiàn)你自述信中常用的習(xí)語(yǔ)等,最后在推薦信用的紙張、信封、字體、字號(hào)、段落等方面盡量避免雷同。

  4、絕對(duì)避免語(yǔ)法、拼寫(xiě)或明顯的用詞錯(cuò)誤。

  下面是一篇較好的推薦信,請(qǐng)大家體會(huì)一下這些原則的運(yùn)用。

  In capacity as Professor of Mathematics at Fudan University?I'm writing to recommend Mr. Wang?Gesintosyour PhD program in Computer Science. I have known Mr. Wang since his sophomore year of college?and have acted as his thesis advisor and mentor. In my experience?he is a gifted and diligent student?and an admirably hard worker.

  Wang is an impressive student because he has been forced to overcome the significant challenge of a serious illness during his freshman year. When I first met Wang in my Discrete Math class?he did not appear to be anything special to me. While his exam scores were good?they were not as high as I would now expect of him. What I didn't know then was that due to his illness?Wang was attempting to take all of the difficult early mathematics courses at one time?including Discrete Mathematics?Advanced Mathematics?Linear Algebra?and Possibilities. While most students found preparing for just one set of these exams difficult?Wang was overwhelmed by four of them. But in the end?he achieved an impressive score on the final exam?which made me conscious of his unusual determination he demonstrates when confronting difficult challenges.

  Mr. Wang and I have often talked about a variety of mathematics and computer science concepts and problems. During these discussions?I always found him to be delightfully intelligent. Not only does he quickly understand the concepts and problems presented to him?he is able to analyze these problems and present solutions. But perhaps most important is that Wang's thinking is intensely rigorous. When looking at any question?he carefully scrutinizes it and if he finds any uncertain issues?he clears them up immediately. I believe this kind of thought is essential to become an excellent computer programmer.

  Serving as his thesis advisor?I had a first-hand opportunity to observe the way in which Wang's mind works. In his senor thesis?Mr. Wang mainly discussed two challenging questions in regards to″ANN″. In our books in China?knowledge of ANN and its uses are very rare. Few people in China have studied this topic and consequently?the materials that are available on ANN are limited. Working on this difficult project?not only did Mr. Wang rise to the challenge?but he went above and beyond the call of duty to analyze his secondary sources and test them for accuracy in practice. In this way?he found mistakes in the book that we use. His diligence and hard work made me extremely proud of him.

  Mr. Wang is an intelligent?motivated?and industrious individual. Teaching and advising him has been a delightful pleasure. I know that if given the chance to study abroad in America?he will arm himself to become a great programmer he dreams of being. He has the intelligence and background to achieve these goals - now all he needs is the opportunity. I ask that you look upon his application favorably and grant him a chance to study in your university.

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